I cannot imagine its cost effective to fix an old window unit.

I can't imagine a more frustrating and dangerous scenario than to try to invest in an unfamiliar area that meets your financial proformas but where you don't know anybody, have access to on and off market opportunities, have relationships with trades people and property managers. 

That should be a discrete cost line item and factored into the ROI, as most of these costs will be capitalized I imagine.

I look at every single item in the pro forma and imagine that it is complete BS, and see if I can challenge it.

Imagine having 4 closings, paying attorney 4 times, or replacing 4 roofs for that matter.

There's no rule but I'm imagining you'd want to cover a month's worth of expenses if left vacant in January.

Thanks @Grant Linhart for the information and perspective.I can imagine that Zillow might get out of sync with MLS, although that hasn't been my (admittedly quite limited) experience to date.

No more illegals needing housing  :-)  That said ,,, perhaps   Trump was pushing so hard for the Steel tariffs since his family has accumulated a s__t load of properties in Pittsburgh ,, Steel capital  USA  , again just kidding .. but ........Can you imagine our economy if we would not had aborted over 50 million fellow Americans?

I am a landlord also and cant imagine treating my tenants this way.

As you can imagine, some guests are cleaner than others and as a result we sometimes have issues with bugs.In the past the property manager has set off a fogger after each person leaves, but honestly that's something I'd like to try to avoid doing as much as possible.