Hi @Joel Oh
To be considered a Real Estate Professional you need to meet the threshold of 750 hours annually AND more than half your time. Therefore if you are contributing 40 hours a week at your W2 job you would need to be able to substantiate 41 hours a week in real estate. This is why it is so hard for W2 earners to claim.
You can qualify for material participation for short term and long term properties. Here are the requirements:
- You participated in the activity for more than 500 hours. OR
- Your participation was substantially all the participation in the activity of all individuals for the tax year, including the participation of individuals who didn’t own any interest in the activity. OR
- You participated in the activity for more than 100 hours during the tax year, and you participated at least as much as any other individual (including individuals who didn’t own any interest in the activity) for the year.
For longterm rental the maximum loss you can take is capped at 25k a year, and this amount begins to be phased our between 100k in W2 income and caps at 150k in income. If you are a Real Estate Professional this cap does not apply and hence why it is such a powerful status for tax planning.
As @John Underwood said, Schedule C income categorized by "substantial services" such as turn down services, meals prepared, or special activities provided. If it is a turn key property managed by a property manager or you have limited interaction with your guests it would most likely be considered passive income and filed on a Schedule E