Kaden never be embarrassed to ask for clarity. It's the only way to learn.
I tip my hat to your father in-law. I was the first class hired after the 11th. I still remember my very first day, October 28th. Some really big shoes to fill. God Bless him.
Caps can get complicated but the real "simple" explanation is this.
Commercial property whether it is office space, storage, Multifamily, mixed used, etc. they all produce income. They all have cost to run them which is your operating expenses (OPEX).
You minus your expenses from your income and you are left with your Net Operating Income (NOI) Now here is where cap rates come in. Depending on your market and your asset type there will be cap rate that specific asset type in that market trades at. So a Multifamily in Virginia Beach may trade at a 7 cap where as in NYC it may be a 5 cap.
The formula to find the cap rate is NOI / Value = cap rate. If you know two you can always find the third.
NOI / Value = Cap Rate
Cap Rate * Value = NOI
NOI / Cap Rate = Value
So on your property they are receiving 169,200 in annual rent (14,100*12) from that you subtract expenses for this example we will say they have 50% expenses or 84,600. This leaves us with an NOI of 84,600 ( remember noi=income-expenses)
Now we take that 84,660 / 995,000 = 8.5% or an eight and a half cap.
The cap rate is never really determined until you and the seller agree on a sales price. When using it in conversation it will go something like "Class B properties are trading at a 6 cap". It gives you a reference point.
Lastly if you were to purchase this property all cash for 995,000 and that property returned to you 84,600 annually then the property would return 8.5% annually to you. Is the risk you are taking in investing in the property worth an 8.5% return?