You've done a terrific job of detailing the components of each program.

The tax advantages of buying/holding gas stations are pretty great.Many of the components of gas stations including pumps, tanks, external parking areas, and other equipment are classified as either 5 or 15 year property so you can bonus depreciate a lot of it (minus the land value) and get significant deductions in year 1.With the 2025 bonus depreciation rate at 40%, a $1 million gas station acquisition could still lead to $100K+ in year 1 deductions depending on the specifics of your deal.

This includes structural components of the building.

If you can find practice tests, that is my recommendation - that is what I did after taking the required time component and did not have any issues passing the test. 

@Jonathan Greene to piggy-back on what your laying down here: I believe a core component of the "problem" is a gross over & mis use of "Cash-flow". 

One of my rentals always rents quickly, consistently performing well in terms of tenant demand.2.

This is a fundamental component of the BRRRR strategy that I have yet to understand.Or, does it not make sense for the friend to invest in this deal if they're primarily looking to flip? 

There are four key principles that guide me:- Consistency is everything- Never stop learning- Take Action- Value relationships over everything else1) Consistency is everything There are multiple things that I do every single day- Read – 10+ minutes.

So, why would you NOT factor in a car payment when determining the liklihood of an applicant paying their rent consistently on time?

Principal Paydown:  Cash Flow:  Tax Benefits: Savings from depreciation and interest deductions.For a deal to make sense, at least three of these components—home appreciation, cash flow, and principal paydown—need to be strong.