And for most of my clients, they are generally attracted to a city or market for personal reasons and THEN then find a property that works for them rather than looking at general market numbers...meaning, my clients can make money in ANY market, even ones where the population isn't growing, the rental demand is softening, and the rent-to-price ratios are less than attractive.So to you, does PA mean Pittsburgh, Philly, or central PA?

I know that the general guidance is that emergency funds aren't to be invested, but given our financial security and the fact that we already have a personal e-fund in a safe, non-volatile location, would it still be crazy/unwise to invest this 15k in an S&P500 index fund in a brokerage? 

I have some clients who prefer to have a PM for maintenance/contact/rent collection/general management and will place tenants and write leases for themselves in exchange for a reduced rate.  

Generally the more it costs the more it takes.

If you just hire the cheapest or first PMC you speak with and it turns into a bad experience, please don’t assume ALL PMC’s are bad and start trashing PMC’s in general.

Perhaps check with a local attorney before proceeding.I realise I left some stuff out in the beginning, but the whole situation in general is just pretty wild.

Added capital and acted s general contractor for compete gut remodel What was the outcome?

@Polat CaglayanI've never seen a formula but here is a general rule of thumb for multifamily:The class of an apartment refers to the quality of the building, which can be determined by a number of factors, including age, location, and condition: Class A: These are the highest quality apartments, typically built within the last 15 years.

DSCR loans generally require 20-25% down.

HELOCs are generally provided to properties that are held in the owner's personal name.Are your family members not interested in refinancing the property?