Internal Rate of Return is often mixed up with return on investment and cash on cash. But here's the thing: over a single year, these percentages look the same. IRR, however, dives deeper. It considers the time value of money and gives you an average return, annualized, over a certain period.
For instance, imagine you invested 10k and got a 7% return annually for 5 years, compounding each year. That's a 7% IRR over those 5 years, assuming you get your 10k back at the end. When it comes to real estate, it's rare for an asset to give a consistent return. Assets usually grow in value over time. IRR can factor in this growth and the increase in cash flows, giving you a single metric to evaluate an investment.
But here's my personal take: I don't put much stock in IRR. Why? It's easy to manipulate. A slight tweak, like showing a refinance in year 2 as part of your pro forma instead of year 3-4, can magically boost a 13% IRR deal to 16-17%. If you really want to get it, I'd suggest playing around with an IRR calculator spreadsheet.
For me, a deal that meets the minimal IRR standards is around 13-15%. But you've got to dig deep. Look at the cashflows, capitalization events, and then go even further. Check assumptions like occupancy rates, yearly rent increases, and the reversion cap rate used.
To be honest, I don't chase IRR because it's often tweaked. I focus on the total return over a 5-year span. Think of it like checking an NFL player's 40-yard dash but for apartment underwriting. There might be other methods out there, but I aim for consistency. My goal? To pick the best in the field.
For those interested, here's a BP article that sheds more light on IRR: What is Internal Rate of Return (IRR)?