Principal, interest, insurance and taxes, obviously. Property management if you won’t self manage. Some say, factor it in no matter what, but I am of the opinion that was a luxury of the market 10 years ago when everything had cash flow. For those of us still building in this appreciation meets higher interest rate environment, I argue PM doesn’t need to be accounted for initially but be cognizant of it… and then for me I look at minor capex and major capex as two different buckets. For example, if I do a new roof and hvac, I should be okay on those categories for the next 5-10 year’s minimum. These are major capex categories. Minor capex would be the toilet or sink having a leak, paying a plumber $150 ish to fix it.
For me the minor capex isn’t a huge concern as it’s one of many tax write offs I look for, being self employed. The major stuff I do worry about and account for, but being that I focus on Brrrrr I’m usually updating that stuff anyway in advance and in practice I shouldn’t have a problem for awhile.
Maybe this isn’t what you asked but I am basically suggesting do keep analyzing based on worst case scenarios most investors will tell you to do that. But also look for some ways to pull a trigger and make a deal make sense. That isn’t necessarily popular opinion but it beats sitting on the sidelines for forever and is my personal approach.