You can estimate by calling paint contractors, drywall, plumber,etc and ask what they charge to do a room or by the square foot and applying that when you do your initial walk thru.I divide my costs into hard and soft costs.Hard costs are known costs.

I'm working with the Section 8 tenant to apply for the LIEAP (Low Income Energy Assistance Program) with Montana.

I know there have been some discussions on bp about negotiating on having the commission applied to the sale/purchase.

Next time, I will make sure I have no true need to procure a deal so that I have better negotiating roots.

If you read through all their fine print, you can even figure out what their end game is.After you apply (and provide all your personal info and SSN by the way), they’re going to charge you a 1% fee for “loan processing before the loan can be set aside for disbursement to borrower” (yes I know that’s a little hard to understand but that’s how they typed it).Bottom line, they’re going to try to get money from you up front, but you’ll never get a loan from them.Tips for Avoiding a Scam on BiggerPockets

@Mae HungI assume buyer had financial contingency which should have clause about applying for mortgage within 5/7 days after the contract date.

She is paying the rent in full each month, but she says due to covid she can't pay the utility bill and she is trying to apply for assistance with her utility bills for covid relief.

The same philosophy applies in life. 

When Property Management is boiled down to it's most base root core, it is Conflict Resolution.

Not knocking what @Duane Richards is saying here but rather than apply a blanket occupancy rate as a rule of thumb you really need to evaluate the area.