The capital stack especially in CA is VERY complex and typically involves everything and more that you mentioned.

Back then, the market was more stable, interest rates were below 4.5%, and distressed properties sold at significant discounts.Today, distressed properties often sell at a premium, and cash-out refinance rates are above 8%.The best BRRRR deal I can find today involves buying a property with cash, investing in the rehab with cash, pulling out 75% of the ARV and breaking even on rent and mortgage.

I've self-financed deals my deals, financed them with a HELOC and used third party lenders as well.

They will also charge you to have an inspection by a 3rd party or to use an app to make sure the work is done.

Without my wife's direct involvement, I think some of our homes would have struggled to stay afloat.   

To have a successful STR I HIGHLY recommend listening to this episode of a podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-market/id161508...Once you listen to this, and any highly involved STR operator will agree, you will find a lot of the fundamentals are lacking in Kissimmee or you have to have deep pockets to hit those.I won't spoil the episode, but if you listen to it (and anyone out there that does) feel free to DM me afterward and I'd be happy to talk details tailored to your situation on if you're on the right path or maybe I can help.

Unlike refinancing, which involves taking out a new loan, recasting keeps your existing loan terms—including your interest rate and loan duration—intact.

Depending on where the property is and the lender involved, and what he has told the lender, and so on and so on, you handle things accordingly.

Usually conservation easements come with Huge tax benefits for the party putting the property into a CE.  

Encourages Larger Investments: By offering higher returns at higher tiers, you incentivize investors to allocate more capital to your projects.Builds Long-Term Relationships: Investors appreciate being rewarded for deeper commitments, which helps foster trust and repeat business.Scales with Your Business: This structure can align with the complexity or scale of your projects, ensuring that you have the resources you need while staying competitive in the market.Key Benefits to InvestorsSecurity: Deals can be secured by tangible assets, such as a deed of trust or promissory note, providing peace of mind.Flexibility: Payments can be structured to suit the investor’s needs—monthly, quarterly, or upon project completion.Attractive Returns: With returns starting at 15%, investors often see better yields than traditional investment vehicles, like stocks or mutual funds.How We’ve Implemented ThisThis structure works particularly well for our large renovation or development projects where multiple investors may be involved.