@Polat CaglayanI've never seen a formula but here is a general rule of thumb for multifamily:The class of an apartment refers to the quality of the building, which can be determined by a number of factors, including age, location, and condition: Class A: These are the highest quality apartments, typically built within the last 15 years.

No state income tax.3. property tax's some of the lowest in the country.4. quality of construction most homes are built with stucco and tile roofs and desert landscape compared to much of the mid west rust belt were its very common to be looking at houses that are 50 to 100 plus years old. and yards grow fast  snow sleet ice all take more wear and tear on your units.we do a lot in most of the mid west rust belt states. the prime motivation is price point and rent to price ratio for those aspects they are the best.

@Joe Gellenbeck Recommend you first figure out the property Class you want to invest in, THEN figure out the corresponding location to invest in.Property Class will typically dictate the Class of tenant you get, which greatly IMPACTS rental income stability and property maintenance/damage by tenants.If you apply Class A assumptions to a Class B or C purchase, your expectations won’t be met and it may be a financial disaster.If you buy/renovate a Class A property in Class D area, what quality of tenant will you get?

Quote from @Michael Smythe: @Zachary YoungRecommend you first figure out the property Class you want to invest in, THEN figure out the corresponding location to invest in.Property Class will typically dictate the Class of tenant you get, which greatly IMPACTS rental income stability and property maintenance/damage by tenants.If you apply Class A assumptions to a Class B or C purchase, your expectations won’t be met and it may be a financial disaster.If you buy/renovate a property in Class D area to Class A standards, what quality of tenant will you get?

Here are key adjustments:Kitchen ($50k): Likely $60k-$70k for custom cabinetry, quartz, and premium appliances.Bathrooms ($40k): Expect closer to $50k-$60k for four bathrooms with high-end finishes.Flooring ($20k): Likely $25k-$30k for engineered hardwood, refinishing, and tile.Exterior ($12k): More realistically $15k-$18k with landscaping and a quality front door.Misc.

Perhaps try a better quality paint to start with and lessen this issue.

Hi Srikanth, I’ve been investing in Cleveland neighborhoods with a similar focus, targeting properties that align with appreciation potential while attracting quality tenants.

If you think that the forums and the books have the same information and the same quality, do you read books at all?

@Travis Boyd The quality of the neighborhood will affect the cap rate to be used.

I currently work remotely as a Manufacturing and Quality Manager for an AI infrastructure company based out of the Bay Area.