Only one (the 11th) has ruled against that principle, and even that case can fairly be characterized as an anomaly unique to its particular facts.

New York is an anomaly when it comes the the sales process.

The reason I only use those four is because others (I have a total of 22 features collected, many very sparse) didn't improve my models or made its performance even deteriorate.I also use principal component analysis (PCA) as a very simple anomaly detection algorithm on the data set.

The two anomalies offset each other when you look at your total expenses. 

The Indianapolis region stands out as somewhat of an anomaly: A Brookings Institution analysis published earlier this month suggests newly created tech jobs are becoming increasingly concentrated in coastal centers and a small number of other established hubs."

Unemployment will eventually tick up as this time frame of low unemployment is an anomaly, historically speaking.

Ranch Real Estate and 10+ year hold transitional real estate have very low annual yields. 0.50%-1.5% cap rates.Ranch real estate historically appreciates 4-6% annualized (excepting many anomalies in 2020,21,and 2022) so that basically becomes appreciation only.I don’t believe any pension funds or institutional asset managers invest for appreciation alone.

There are always anomalies. 

I am going to reach out to them again this week to see if the bad response was an anomaly.

Combine that with the fact that many mom-and-pop investors will consider many of the "unexpected" expenses (vacancies, maintenance, capital expenses, etc) as one-time anomalies and treat them as if they were off-budget, and you can see how people delude themselves into thinking that the operating expenses are lower than reality.Mike