@Andrew Ortego, the strategy of buying houses at risk of foreclosure is called buying "pre-foreclosures" or "targeting pre-foreclosures" when using direct mail. Not all pre-foreclosures need to be sold as a short sale, although they commonly would require a short sale if sold before being foreclosed. Simply put, if there's equity, then the property can be sold at or above what's owed and not "short" of what's owed.
It's not likely that you will be able to pull off a short sale of a property financed by one of the big banks by the time there's a notice on the sheriff's sale web page. But it might be doable with a smaller local bank. In any case, you wouldn't deal directly with the bank before you first deal with the property owner.
Short sales are a specialty. Hence, there are special requirements and procedures to follow to do it all right. I recommend you find a short sale specialist (realtor who is very experienced specifically in short sales) if you want somebody to help you learn what you can and can't expect to do. Like always, get more than one opinion before you accept anybody's word on how it works.
There's also an area of note investing called NPNs (non-performing notes) that you should learn about too. Note investing is a whole specialty in-and-of itself, but for those who know how that's done, they are dealing with the notes (paper side) of these same pre-foreclosure properties. The note buying process is directly between the investor and the bank. The thing there is, the banks don't usually deal with "one off" (single) notes. These are often transacted in bulk packages of multiple loans for the sake of efficiency. I only mention this so you are aware of it, not as a recommendation to try to acquire properties.