Mortgage maturity date process and options

[Freeman Schultz]

When a mortgage starts to approach its maturity date what is the process for the principal to get paid off?

Does the bank contact the holder of the mortgage or is that the responsibility of the holder?

How soon does the holder the mortgage begin the refinancing process?

If the holder is unable to refinance and is unable to pay the principal, how soon do they have to put the property on the market?