Cleveland 2ndOhio Point of Sale Ordinance found unconstitutional

[James Wise]

The point of sale requirements as we know them are likely going away. This fight has been going on for a few years now. After a city in Southern Ohio lost a major court case many cities in Ohio & the Cleveland market have been changing their Point of Sale requirements. Earlier this year Lakewood, Ohio stopped requiring the Point of Sale inspection. 

Another Ohio city's sketchy point of sale practices have been found to be unconstitutional by a court of law. This time right in the Cleveland market. Bedford, Ohio. Take a look at the article below.

A second point of sale ordinance found unconstitutional

Nov 12, 2018

By Peg Ritenour, Ohio REALTORS Vice President of Legal Services/Administration

A federal court has held that a prior version of the point of sale inspection ordinance of the City of Bedford, as well as its rental inspection provisions, was unconstitutional because they permitted warrantless inspections of property. Bedford is a Cleveland area suburb. This is the second federal court to strike down such ordinances; earlier this year the federal district court for the Southern District of Ohio ruled that the point of sale ordinance of the City of Oakwood in the Dayton area was also unconstitutional.

Under the Bedford ordinance the City required an inspection before selling a property, along with payment of an inspection fee. This applied to owners of residential or commercial real estate, including single-family and two-family dwellings, duplexes, apartments and condominiums, and all commercial and industrial properties.

The City also required inspections and fees for rental properties. Such an inspection by the City was required whenever there was a change in tenants, but at least every two years. Property owners who refused to allow either the rental or point of sale inspection were subject to fines and possible criminal prosecution.

The lawsuit, which was filed on behalf of several property owners by the 1851 Center for Constitutional Law, a non-profit entity, alleged that because the inspections were done under the threat of criminal prosecution, the ordinance violated the Fourth Amendment protection against unreasonable searches. Shortly after the lawsuit was filed, a preliminary injunction was issued enjoining the City of Bedford from enforcing the point of sale ordinance. The City ultimately amended its ordinances to require an administrative warrant and to remove the criminal sanctions, and on Jan. 17, 2017 the court determined that the plaintiffs' motion for a permanent injunction was therefore moot. However, the case proceeded forward on the claims for a declaratory judgment and monetary relief to those property owners who paid inspection fees under the previous ordinances.

Relying on the Oakwood case as well as other precedents, the court in this case ruled that both the Bedford point of sale inspection and rental property inspection ordinances were unconstitutional. In doing so, the court held that a municipality violates the Fourth Amendment when it requires a property owner to consent to a warrantless inspection of their property or face criminal penalty. Rejecting the City’s argument that the owners consented to the inspections, the court held that such consent cannot be freely given when the alternative is the risk of fines and criminal sanctions. The court stated that an owner has a constitutional right to privacy in their property, including their rental property, and therefore has a right to refuse to allow the City to conduct an inspection and to demand a warrant.

The court also found that the City of Bedford has been unjustly enriched by charging a fee for these inspections and therefore shall not be permitted to retain the fees that were unlawfully collected. The case is now moving forward on issues involved in determining class action participation.

Legal articles provided in the Ohio REALTORS Buzz are intended to provide broad, general information about the law and is not intended to be legal advice. Before applying this information to a specific legal problem, readers are urged to seek advice from an attorney.