If I travel 400 miles total, log the miles in my logbook, and have an open house for a rental property, stay 1 night in a hotel, and drive back home, are mileage, lodging, and meals deductible?

Rent is due in advance and in full on or before the 1st day of each month without deduction or set off.

If not how would you charge/deduct damages like this?

If it ends up being a cheap (under-deductible) repair, the claim get closed and everyone moves on.

They can dictate things like minimum coverages and deductibles.

Generally, that comes with a higher price tag, even if everything else is simpler, they don't discount their hourly rates just because some of your work is easier for them.Sometimes the value proposition is not that they found some missing deduction/credit or election, often it is small stuff, plus having the knowledge to keep you out of trouble.

Deferring deductions.

It can also incorporate added items or deducted items along with the costs associated with them.

Can I deduct all of these costs when against my proceeds when I do my taxes for a conventional sale? 

Both are tax deductible but you are still out of that money.