If you operated a business, even without an LLC, you may potentially be able to write off certain expenses.

The outcome was great.. they secured a mid-century home with a rental unit that offered both a comfortable living space and a reliable income stream.On a personal note, a friend of mine made a bold move and purchased in a slightly less popular area.

Co-founder of Visio Ltd, operating a real estate investment fund across 48 states dealing in distressed single family homes sourced from financial institutions and sold to fix & flip and buy & hold investors. $100 million equity & debt managed.

I have given away copies as gifts and loaned mine out to lots of people. 

For something more robust, tools like Excel or online calculators from financial planning sites might better suit your needs.Your ROI Formula:ROI = (Net Cash Flow ÷ Total Out-of-Pocket Investment) × 100For your scenario:Net Cash Flow = Annual Rental Income - (Mortgage Payment + 401k Loan Payment + Other Expenses)Total Out-of-Pocket Investment = $40,000 cash + $50,000 loan payments over 5 years.I came across a piece in Bloomberg recently discussing creative financing, and they touched on ROI calculations for multiple loans.Personal anecdote: A buddy of mine leveraged a 401k loan for a fourplex.

I recently came across a piece in Forbes talking about how quickly rental dynamics can evolve when population growth spikes.I’m based in Phoenix and have been in the real estate game for three decades, and a close friend of mine recently reminded me how the right connections can shape your entire strategy.

Strategic Purchase: Acquired a discounted double lot below market value with a $17k impact fee credit.Custom Design: Built a 6-bed, 5-bath home tailored for co-living or multi-gen use, maximizing tenant appeal.Efficient Management: Managed construction, and self-managed operations to minimize costs.Premium Marketing: Furnished the property and used multiple platforms to attract quality tenants quickly, achieving full occupancy.What was the outcome?

I am putting a laundry room (coin-operated) and storage units in the basement of my small multifamily.

Their pursuit of cash flow normally leads them to the worst of the worst neighborhoods where the spreadsheets never capture the accurate operating expenses and no consideration for neighborhood fundamentals is part of their analysis.

I haven't heard anyone getting less than $47k/unit and I am pretty confident mine was going to be well over $100k.