But very rarely do I see these analyses tempered by any effort to quantify the risk side of the equation.I like to perform a simplified risk analysis as described in linked article, as well as running multiple return analyses with progressively bleaker assumptions.But I'd be very curious to hear what others think/do, too - how do you consider risk?

Both have adopted the 2015 International Property Maintenance Code, but they neglected to publish the specific quantifiable details of how occupancy guidelines are determined.I do not have a copy of the 2012 or 2015 International Property Code.  

A property could also go down in value pending market conditions)How do we calculate these four sources of return to quantify the total ROI for a particular investment property?

I know I'm still paying a premium vs. something that needs work was built in the 70's, etc. and the thought part is that it's hard (of not impossible) to quantify a "more modern layout" when it comes to cash-flow now, in 20 years, etc.

Let's assume this for commercial apartment buildings only (5+)I started going on and looking at census data but don't really know how to put it all together to quantify my findings. 

This will help visualize the outcome, as well as quantify materials needed and even shop for furniture.CheersZ

I am looking to do my first deal in London, ON, but want to understand the potential costs of Insurance for rental properties, from what I understand student rental properties do cost more, but I want to better understand what that truly quantifies into?

I'd reopen negotiation and detail out all the work that needs to be done to it and quantify how much it would cost to do that work.

Part of the house is an old stone house from the 1800s... so even though it needs to be gutted on the inside, it does provide some historical interest....so has some unspecified/intrinsic value, which is difficult to quantify.  

However, as far as income goes they are paid mostly on tips, how do I quantify income when they are in this type of position?