The tornado is a rather exaggerated example, but it was to make a point, so condier something as small as simply miscalculation of maintenance, which prior to buying is an educated guess.But, the NPV is inappropriate and for a small investor finding their opportunity costs to arrive at a cost of capital, I would say that if anyone accurately identified such figures after the facte they would be lucky....it's almost an impossibility as unforseen opportunities will never be known as opposed to other investments, like saying I could have invested in a bond.

.$22,165.00...How did you arrive at a repair estimate if you have no scope of work?

In order to arrive at the sale price, we break the sale into two components - real estate and the business.  

I left it open ended in case an issue arrived, and it is a courtesy available to her.

The agent had just been assigned the listing and said come take a look, no offers and the garage floor scares people.Upon arriving the house was surrounded by fending front and back, tons of trees and you would barely know it was there.

Sometimes, I’d include my APOD to show how I arrived at the number.

Not because they didn't answer you does it mean that the mailer, text or call never arrived, right?

A good man said we don't give wealth a number, instead it's the point when you arrive where you are free to live the life and be the person you've imagined for yourself. 

@Billy Gulley I read your  post and not sure how you arrived at many of your conclusions.

i do what i love and love what i do and cheers to you arriving back to that love.