You would need to quantify aspects of location, market influences (rentablity), these are all subjective, lots of experience would be required an even at that, there is no way to really check deviations without a large population to consider.Management is another issue, you can quantify your management, time, efforts, phone calls, interviews, etc. and come to a value, but you can't with properties owned by others and be accurate, I'd say if you apply your costs to other properties you'd be closer.When I taught finance and economics 101/102, long, long ago, the text covered applicability of analysis, the benefits as opposed to the efforts, time, expense as an opportunity cost to obtaining the findings and the accuracy of those findings.

There are no guarantees , but perhaps if you could " quantify " the amount of risk of capital you are willing to take then you might consider your options.

There really is no harm in trying especially if "the zoning map on their site shows it is residential (and it still does)" You have clear proof of the documents you relied upon and unless there is a disclaimer on the zoning map, their error has caused you a quantifiable loss.

But most of the time, they are not doing primary research themselves and can't qualify (or quantify) why areas are "good investment areas".

This is because they understand the time value of money and have metrics to quantify the cost of lane closures and lost tax dollars due to delays in lane openings among other things.

That is an essential skill when working with non uniform engineering materials (earth) where we try our best to quantify engineering solutions with limited information.

Interesting.It's OK if staging versus not staging isn't quantifiable.

I don't know how to quantify "Common" but people do it, yes.

Make them specific and quantifiable.

I would opt for somethingHard to quantify in terms of pricePurely in the "gift zone"For example, if you give them a $50 gift card there is a very real human tendency to compare the dollar value to what you perceive the discomfort to have been worth, and most years, and ESPECIALLY this year, you don't want anyone's lizard brain doing that calculation.Something like a bottle of wine and a doggie-pampering gift basket accompanied by a note expressing something like "I am thankful for you and apologize for the inconvenience you experiences around this roofing fiasco.