From what I understand, a 1031 exchange doesnt apply in this case, and so I will have to pay short term capital gains on the appreciation ?

After you feel confident in understanding real estate as an investment vehicle, decide how you want to begin your investing journey.

For sure you need a lender who understands them VERY well - try connecting with @Jose Valdovinos who is here in Chicago, but lends across the country!

I also understand that some cash buyers, unlike many of those motivated by greed, are honest and knowledgeable, however I find it difficult to identify them.

I understand different people have different risk profiles.

If you're not sure of you preferred direction with your next property I would invest in understanding investing more thoroughly and read 5-10 books as well as speak to other experienced investors.

Not an attorney but it's my understanding a notice of lien must be filed prior but why not just pay it and get the issue resolved 

Verifying last 2 years of rental history and income extremely important to find the “best of the worst”.Make sure you understand the Class of properties you are looking at and the corresponding results to expect.

You don't need to know everything to get started; you need a foundation to build on, and the rest will come through experience and then refining your education.You can build a basic understanding of investing in 3-6 months.

They yield results, but I understand a lot of other people have jobs where they cannot spend so much time on their listings.