As for the value of carrying, I believe it's minimal.

These strategies allow individuals to invest in real estate with minimal down payment, gain exposure to the industry, and build capital.Good luck!

Part of the “problem” is that unqualified  syndicators tend to take money from anyone who meets minimal governmental requirements.  

We also use software to document/communicate out to ALL residents during the lease term in order to minimize inquiries from parents who aren't well informed.

The Philadelphia rental market remains strong, especially in high-demand areas near universities, hospitals, and transit hubs, so vacancies can generally be minimized with the right property in the right location.

For example, tenant selection is crucial to minimize issues down the line, and it's essential to know fair housing and landlord-tenant laws, especially if you’re considering investing in a state like California with stringent regulations.You may want to consider starting with one property and exploring property management services if things get busy.

In his opinion the best setup to minimize taxes was a checkbook LLC in an SDIRA. 

., some of which you mention, so it seems you must be aware of them.As an investor, your goal is typically  to maximize your return and minimize your risk.  

This change improves privacy and minimizes unauthorized access, but it's essential to consider local building codes and regulations, as many jurisdictions require safe egress routes for basement units in case of emergencies.

Usually your reserves for those categories will range from 25-30%, although maintenance & capex should initially be minimal since the home is new.