Upfront expenses and monthly payments must be considered when calculating the return on your investment.EXAMPLEYou cash out $100,000 of your equity and use this as a down payment on a $400,000 investment property.

The tax benefits refer to the tax deductions from mortgage interest and property tax.The returns mainly rely on appreciation, and the cash flow only improves in the last few years, also depending on securing the 5% refinance rate.I've learned a lot from this forum, but as I start to operate on my own, I'm still not completely confident.

How do you determine a reasonable target return?

Consider offering equity partnerships, debt financing with profit sharing, or preferred equity, where investors get a fixed return before you share profits.

The rapid turnaround exemplifies our ability to execute efficient deals while delivering solid returns for our partners.

Also, to your point, it's easy to realize returns off 35k invested - especially when the principle payment year 1 alone is around 15k.

They get a higher return since they are covering housing cost, have the $250k per spouse primary residence deduction in gains, is a savings account, higher leverage position, lower interest rate possible, will pay more premium for location, etc.House might be overpriced for REITs but not for home owners.  

Do you have any go-to value-adds that consistently bring the best return?

There are two types of return from a rental propertyCash Flow & Appreciation.I normally also aim for a minimum of 8% return between Cash-Flow and Appreciation.Appreication, nationally, is around 2% to 3% annually.Therefore, your goal is to get the cash-flow to be about 5% to 6%.The issue is interest rates being very high, you would therefore, need to buy at a pricepoint where the numbers still make sense.You can always put down more of a downpayment to cash flow, but that will impact your cash on cash return calculations.Best of luck!

Any taxes not owed, a seller merely file a tax return with the state, just like any other tax returns filed for extra taxes a government has with held.