The road is full of ups and downs and countless unforeseen challenges, including building trust with your referrers (which takes considerable time and energy that you will not get paid for), and all of the other behind the scenes of building a business; websites, social medias, accounting, marketing, etc etc etc. 

That said, the housing shortage will continue into the unforeseen future. 

I guess there is a general consensus that if you're going to make any sort of appreciation play you must have cash in reserves to cover any sort of unforeseen expense which makes sense. 

Evening everyone,Hope I'm not interrupting :)May I enquire: aren't insurances supposed to cover for these unforeseen events ?

By September, none of the work was done but the GC claimed it was due to unforeseen issues once we did some demo and opened up walls.

We have had natural disasters or unforeseen complications in our condo building.

I’d start with barring unforeseen circumstances in regards to your quote on the outlet (my preferred method since it allows for different brand EVa as well as high end air compressors,welders, etc.) you’re getting hosed. 

Once you've done a few properties like this you'll be able to do rough estimates on your own.As for a formula....that obviously depends on the condition of the home, the finishes you choose, and who your contractor is but, in my experience, you can expect to pay $20-30/sq ft on average barring any huge unforeseen expenses - for a retail flip.For a rental, its a little more complicated but usually you'll spend significantly less getting a rental property market ready.

While, as we are seeing with COVID, unforeseen circumstances can happen, there are some things to consider

The death was unforeseen.