I’m a full-time sales professional at a global GSI, so I’m seeking relatively efficient strategies.Has anyone successfully used cash-out refinances, 1031 exchanges, or other equity-based approaches to boost income?

It makes lead management way more efficient since they get to focus on people who actually want to do business. 

Understand the multi-family market, scale up portfolio efficiently, focus on value-add opportunities, build a reliable team, stay informed, and engage with the community for support.Good luck!

Key Details of the 45L Tax Credit:The credit offers up to $2,000 per eligible unit for builders and developers of residential homes that meet specific energy efficiency criteria.To qualify, the units need to meet or exceed certain energy performance levels in comparison to the national model energy code (e.g., the 2006 or 2009 IECC — International Energy Conservation Code).Cost Considerations for a 90-unit or 112-unit Project:The actual cost of qualifying for the 45L tax credit depends on various factors, including:Energy Efficiency Compliance: The primary cost will come from ensuring that each unit meets the required energy efficiency standards, which typically involve energy modeling, certification from third-party energy raters, and potentially upgrading insulation, HVAC systems, windows, and other components of the building to meet the necessary performance levels.Energy Modeling: Typically, you'll need to pay for an energy consultant or engineer to model the building's energy performance and ensure it qualifies for the credit.

Not efficient! 

Through proactive maintenance, efficient tenant placement, and careful financial management, I optimized rental income and ensured a steady cash flow.

The importance of lowering expenses and increasing efficiency to maximize property income.

Quote from @Zach Howard: @Ken M.Where and how can I most efficiently learn about subto in full detail?

Because those simply demand a significant level of labor inputs that makes it very hard to effect the efficiency model we invented. 

Honestly, it seems like you’ve got more skin in the game than I do since I’m just getting started as a bird dog, but I really admire your approach.I think your focus on tax-efficient strategies and building a reliable team is spot on.