If the appreciation and rent growth lag inflation, the value and income of this property are actually decreasing.Below is a decision tree I created which I hope will provide some guidance.

You should have a pretty decent idea of what homes are worth/what places are renting for and you can make an educated decision from there.

Personally a cash-out refi could help me get more quickly into all-cash BRRRs or a REI venture in Spain, however I don't know to what extent this is at the expense of rental cash flows, and what is the wiser decision long term.I've combed through posts online and looked for Excel templates to run some calcs and get a sense, but nothing really filled the void... 

Hi Michele,Maxing out your Roth IRA before investing in real estate can be a wise decision, as it allows you to take advantage of the tax-free growth and withdrawals in retirement, providing a solid foundation for your future.

When you go out to eat and have a nice meal and great service, do you stiff your waiter/waitress too? 

It is a logical decision for to PM your company and ask where are the A-D classes located in Detroit in order to compare to Chicago and other areas I am looking to invest in.

Do you have any advice that may help in my decision process?

No penalty to let project die slow death and collect salary, travel and advertising money from it.This is data, everyone should make their own data driven decision based on it.

@Kyle ReynoldsThe decision to rent or sell a Sacramento home is influenced by factors such as projected rent, negative cash flow, and potential appreciation potential.

Miami isn't the spot, but Florida has several nearby markets where prices are ok, but you do need to make a conscious decision on the insurance costs and recent disaster.