It could be heat in the winter(in Michigan) or AC in the summer (imagine them running AC at 70 degrees all summer in Phoenix) or just general disregard for leaving lights on and things like that.

Neither I nor my business partner, David, have any degrees in architecture or engineering.

Its going to vary, ultimately the costs will be whatever a contractor is willing to do it for. 

@Amit SinaiRichmond, VA has a growing market, a varied economy, and historical significance, making it an appealing investment destination.

I’m all for working with someone and meeting them where they to a degree, but something we’ve encountered is just simple lack of communication.

This varies based on the DSCR lender.

Work required varies greatly.

Each Municipality varies on their density requirements. 

I understand the guidance that most will give that any estimates will vary and you need to talk to multiple GCs and get multiple estimates. 

I've included an example below to help illustrate this.So different lenders have different rates (which do vary even for DSCR loans) but these are factors they all consider.See example below:DSCR < 1Principal + Interest = $1,700Taxes = $350, Insurance = $100, Association Dues = $50Total PITIA = $2200Rent = $2000DSCR = Rent/PITIA = 2000/2200 = 0.91Since the DSCR is 0.91, we know the expenses are greater than the income of the property.DSCR >1Principal + Interest = $1,500Taxes = $250, Insurance = $100, Association Dues = $25Total PITIA = $1875 Rent = $2300DSCR = Rent/PITIA = 2300/1875 = 1.23If a purchase, you also generally need reserves / savings to show you have 3-6 month payments of PITIA (principal / interest (mortgage payment), property taxes and insurance and HOA (if applicable).