I am always puzzled why people allot 10% of rent for maintenance... 

Taxes are probably going to be the same either way, if you plan on investing in MA each LLC has a pretty high annual fee 2nd only to CA I believe. 

I think the proper term is "ADS" annual debt service, but when I started evaluating deals it is what I used and it is just a habit.

Prepared By     Key Investment Criteria Client Name     Max Offer  $       425,000   Property Address     Down Payment  $                 -    Number of Units 12   Cash Flow (Per 100K) $88.30   List Price  $     425,000 % of List Price   Cash Flow (Monthly)  $         375.29   Offer Price  $     425,000 100%   Total Cash In  $    10,000.00   ARV/Appraised Value  $     450,000   Debt Service CR 1.16 Pref >1.2 Discount (%,$) 0%  $                 -     Debt Yield Ratio 7.65% Pref >10% Purchase Price (Max Offer Price)  $     425,000     Cap Rate 7.47% Pref >8% Percent Down 0%     LTV 1.00 Pref <.75 Down Payment Amount  $               -      Rent/Price Ratio 1.35% Pref 1.25% Amount Financed  $     425,000     COC ROI Year 1 218.0%   Interest Rate 5.20%     (Exp+Int)/Income 84%   Costs of Repairs  $         5,000     Gross Rent Multiplier 6.3 Pref <9 Closing Costs  $         5,000     COC Return 45.0% Pref >10% Total Cost  $     435,000     Break Even Ratio 93% Pref <85% Length of Mortgage (Years) 30     Expense Ratio 53% ~50% Payment Monthly Annual   ARV-Total Cost  $         15,000   Monthly Mortgage Payment $2,333.72  $      28,004.65   % Investment of ARV 96% Pref <75%     10 year Return 65% $284,164 Rental Income Monthly Annual   15 Year Return 113% $490,037 Unit A (10 unit Apt)  $    4,550.00  $      54,600.00   20 Year Return 172% $748,269 Unit B (Duplex)  $    1,250.00  $      15,000.00       Unit C  $               -   $                  -    DSCR greater than 1.45 1.16 Unit D  $               -   $                  -    Standardized Cashflow >180 $88.30 Gross Rental Income  $    5,800.00  $      69,600.00   LTV less than .76 1.00 Vacancy Rate 8%     ROI year 1 greater than 20% 218.0% Net Rental Income  $    5,336.00  $      64,032.00   Expense ratio between 45 and 55% 53%     Positive initial equity  $     15,000 Expenses Monthly  Annual   15 year return greater than 115% 113% Property Management Fees  $           320.16  $       3,841.92 6.0% Total Cash In Less than 50K  $     10,000 Leasing Costs  $                  -    $                  -  0% DYR greater than 9%   7.65% Maintenance Reserve  $           750.00  $       9,000.00         Utilities  $           375.00  $            4,500         PropertyTaxes   $           640.17  $       7,682.00     Insurance  $           325.00  $       3,900.00       Other (Snow, Lawn Care, Trash, etc)  $           216.67  $       2,600.00     Total Expenses  $    2,626.99  $      31,523.92               Net Operating Income  $    2,709.01  $      32,508.08                   Mortgage Payment  $    2,333.72  $      28,004.65         Total Cash In (Downpayment + Repairs)   $   10,000.00           Net Cash Flow  $       375.29  $       4,503.43                   Investment Analysis         Appreciation Rate (20 YR AVG = 4.4%) 2.5%           Rent Appreciation (20 YR AVG = 3.1%) 2.5%         Cost to Sell Property 0.0%        

In my opinion, the management fee should be enough to keep the lights on but the sponsor should be properly motivated to maximize annualized ROI by taking part in the profit split.For big Wall St funds, we've seen that some don't care as much about the upside as they do about their management fees, which are hefty given the huge amount of assets they have under management.

My husband has done MF maintenance, and I have contacts in maintenance for anything we can't handle. 

I recommend posting some actual numbers:  actual rent; taxes; and your estimate of maintenance; capex; vacancy; etc.  

Living in California, the annual assessment is limited to a ~2% annual increase, so the assessed value is not the current fair market value.Thanks!!!

deferred maintenance?

Your CapEx expenses on a house can be substantial, and you might see negative cash flow in your theoretical example if you are accounting for maintenance and CapEx.