The math I apply, and what seems to generate income on just about every rental I do, is as follows:
rent
- all hard costs paid by Landlord. That means taxes water sewer whatever another
- is a 10% management, 10% vacancy, 10% maintenance.
They can tell you their maintenance last year was 0 but on average I find 10% to a pretty safe
And subtract out whatever personal profit, for me at $75 per door, that I want to make sure I put in my pocket every single month without fail.
Even use a mortgage calculator app to calculate at six and a half percent 20 years and it will tell me how much of a mortgage the property can afford.
From there, I pretty much know my value. With or without extra down payment money .
In my area of northeastern Pennsylvania...I can usually by 6 and finished property, or buy a finished property, for a tour about or sometimes even less than the mortgage value.
Meaning when all is said and done I very often don't have any money in a property and it still throwing you $75 a month per door
I have professional management and maintenance, so as a rule, overall, I don't need to get terribly involved in my rentals