Something I've observed for many years is that the price of housing in the Boston area has skyrocketed. A triple-decker where I grew up in Jamaica Plain would have sold for $20,000 when I was a kid in the 60s. Now it's well over $2M.
As a result, buyers of moderate means were forced out in concentric circles. To the east is only ocean, so no help there. But to the north, west and south, there has (almost) always been a stock of housing that was more affordable than in Boston.
But then all of that housing stock kept rising in price, and earning power didn't keep up. That meant that those same buyers could no longer afford a home in Norwood, Reading or Braintree. They were forced further away. That trend has continued unabated.
Now I see people commuting to Boston from Portland, Maine (!!!) - and that same price trend has come to Maine as well. Housing in Portland and surrounds has also skyrocketed - and those pricing waves are also moving out in concentric circles.
Boston and the immediate surrounds are still the employment capital of the region and people are enduring longer and longer commutes for the opportunity to work in the colleges, hospitals, pharma companies and financial district of Boston / Cambridge.
I wonder if there's a practical limit. Is there a commute that's so long and arduous that people turn away from Boston and decide to work on central Maine and New Hampshire, trading off some income for quality of life?
I was born and raised in Boston. I'm approaching retirement, so I no longer have to worry about it - but I promise you that if a recruiter called me with an opportunity in Boston, it would take a gun to my head for me to sign up for another 2 hours of bumper-to-bumper commute each morning.