@Elliot Vann For more reasons than I can probably fit in one response, cap rate really isn't the best metric to use for (a) residential investments (1-4 units) or (b) whether to know you're buying a good deal. You can always pick out newer investors by their use of cap rate. See below:
1. The fact is, cap rate isn't used widely in residential space (very common in 5+ commercial multifamily space) so frankly it's holds little use other than bragging on forums about a "9 cap you got in a 6 cap market". Thus, sellers & brokers/agents likely won't know how to interpret your desired going-in cap rate of 9%.
2. Nearly everyone calculates cap rate differently. With the same deal, ask 10 different investors and you'll likely get 10 different answers. For example, do you include Capex reserves in your cap calc? Did you include PM fee regardless of whether or not you plan to use it? Are you including General & Admin? What vacancy rate are you assuming? These are just a few of MANY assumptions that go into the NOI calculation.
3. Cap isn't a good measure of the return you'll receive especially since you use leverage (which is by design but often missed by most investors).
4. Cap rates are a point-in-time snapshot. They tell you next to nothing about how the property will perform. For example, would you rather buy a 6 cap that has way under market rents on the path of progress that you know you can push to a 9 cap OR would you rather buy a 7.5 cap that is in a non-appreciating but stable market and is charging market rents? Looking at the 6 vs. 9 cap tells you nothing about this trade-off.
In short, you should be running your numbers based on your desired return, point blank period. Choices of return may be IRR, cash-on-cash, avg annual return, equity multiple, or many more. All of these metrics tell you way more than any cap rate ever could.
**I hope none of the above comes off arrogant, I just see a lot of investors get tripped up by cap rate when they should be focused on more meaningful metrics. Hope this helps.