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All Forum Posts by: J Scott

J Scott has started 161 posts and replied 16459 times.

Post: Cash Flow?

J Scott
ModeratorPosted
  • Investor
  • Sarasota, FL
  • Posts 17,995
  • Votes 17,199

Quick primer:

- Your income is the amount of money you take in each month. It probably comes from rent, but might also come from extra money you might from leasing parking spaces in front of the house/building, or from leasing a washer/dryer to your tenant, etc. The total amount you collect each month is your income.

- Then you'll have expenses. These include your property taxes, insurance, maintenance, utilities (if you pay them), property management (if you hire someone to do it), lawn care, HOA dues, etc. Many people also include vacancy in their expenses, meaning that if you expect your property to be vacant for let's say 1 month per year, your vacancy expense is 1/12 of your income (from above).

- When you have your income and your expenses all totaled up, you can determine your "Net Operating Income" (or NOI) with the following formula:

NOI = Income - Expenses

So, a house that rents for $700 per month, and where you get another $50 per month for use of the garage, has a total income of $750. If you then spend an average of $350 per month on all your expenses, your NOI is $400 per month (though generally NOI is expressed in yearly terms so your NOI would be $400 x 12 = $4800).

The general rule of thumb is that expenses will total between 40-60% of income, depending on a lot of factors. Many people like to use "the 50% rule" which means expenses are half of the income (if your income is $750/month, your average expenses will be about $375/month).

- Now, the one expense that wasn't included in "expenses" was your debt service (your mortgage payment). If you subtract this payment from your NOI, you get your "cash flow".

So, in the example above, where your NOI was $400, if you have a $48K loan at 7% amortized over 30 years, you're payment is about $320/month. So, your cash flow would be:

Cash Flow = NOI - Debt Service, or
Cash Flow = $400 - $320, or
Cash Flow = $80

So, after everything (except taxes), you take home $80/month from this property. That's your cash flow.

Many investors like to see $100/month in cash flow for each of their units...

Post: setting up our RE investing company & looking for feedback

J Scott
ModeratorPosted
  • Investor
  • Sarasota, FL
  • Posts 17,995
  • Votes 17,199

I'll let your attorney tell you for certain, but he may very well recommend not marketing your investment to anyone who is not an "accredited investor."

By this I mean:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accredited_investor

Generally speaking, an accredited investor is someone who has $1M+ net worth or makes at least $200K per year.

Based on that, your scope of potential investors may be small.

But again, your attorney can give you his legal recommendation...

Post: Standardized Contractor Bid Sheet?

J Scott
ModeratorPosted
  • Investor
  • Sarasota, FL
  • Posts 17,995
  • Votes 17,199

This is how I handle it for my business and with my contractors:

- All my contractors know that I only want bids on the labor. I purchase all my materials separately, have them delivered to the job site, and my contractors never need to know how much I'm paying or where they're coming from. Of course, if they can get them cheaper, I'm happy to let them, but this isn't generally the case.

For the labor bid, I create a Statement of Work (SOW) that details exactly what I want done, broken down into categories that relate to specific skilled trades (GC, Plumber, Electrician, Painter, Roofer, Carpenter, Flooring, Foundation, etc). This way the GC can easily bid out each part of the job, and get me a bid much more quickly than if he has to consolidate based on my "room to room" list of things to do.

I'll then have my GC give me a labor bid broken down into the following components:

- Permits
- Demo/Dumpster
- Foundation
- Roof Framing
- Roof Felt/Shingles
- Siding
- Gutters/Soffits/Fascia
- Decks/Porches
- Landscaping
- Doors
- Windows
- Wall Framing/Sheetrock
- Electrical Rough
- Electrical Final
- Plumbing Rough
- Plumbing Final
- HVAC Rough
- HVAC Final
- Kitchen Cabinets/Countertops
- Bathroom Cabinets
- Bathroom Fixtures
- Interior Paint
- Exterior Paint
- Carpet
- Hardwood
- Tile
- Vinyl
- Other

Other could consist of anything from install mini-blinds to replacing outlet covers to installing appliances.

This generally gives me (and the GC) enough detail that the job can be accurately estimated, and if things change (or surprises are found), we can adjust individual areas accordingly.

This also gives me a good idea how much each of his subs will be making, allowing me to figure out what his profit margins will be -- giving me some negotiating help if needed.

If your contractors have an issue with filling this out, try telling them, "My lender is requiring me to break it down this way in order to approve the loan." That should grease the skids a bit...

Post: Check lists!

J Scott
ModeratorPosted
  • Investor
  • Sarasota, FL
  • Posts 17,995
  • Votes 17,199

I posted an Acquisition Checklist on my blog a couple weeks ago...here is the meat of the post:

-----------------

Upon Contract Acceptance

Ensure Access to Property:

* Make Copy of Property Key(s)
* Purchase New Lockbox
* Place Key(s) in Lockbox and Install at Property

If Certified Funds are Required for EM:

* Get Certified Funds for EM from Bank
* Submit Certified Funds to Agent

If Financing the Purchase:

* Send Contract to Loan Officer
* Provide Loan Officer Property Info
* Connect Loan Officer with RE Agent
* Have Loan Officer Schedule Appraisal
* Make sure Loan Officer Knows Anticipated Closing Date

Due Diligence

Inspections:

* Turn On Utilities for Inspection (water, gas, electric)
* Schedule Termite Inspection
* Schedule Property Inspection
* Attend Inspection and Take Notes for “Scope of Workâ€
* Get Final Inspection Report and Review for “Scope of Workâ€
* Get Termite Letter/Pest Inspection Report

Contractor Prep:

* Create Scope of Work
* Create Materials List
* Determine Which Contractors Are Needed:
* GC
* HVAC
* Roofer
* Electrician
* Plumber
* Pest/Termite Control
* Painter
* Landscaper
* Other?
* Schedule GC Walk-Through(s)
* Get Contractor Quotes

Purchase Decision:

* Perform Final Financial Analysis Using Estimates/Quotes
* Perform Both Flip and Rental Analysis
* Make Go/No-Go Decision on Purchase

Upon Contingency Finalization

Final Purchase Prep:

* Get Closing Date from Lender/Agent
* Arrange Landlord Insurance Policy
* If Financing, Connect Insurance Agent with Loan Officer
* Follow-Up on Appraisal with Lender
* Get Pictures/Video
* Choose a General Contractor
* Choose Sub-Contractors (if no GC)
* Determine Exit Strategy
* Create Rehab Schedule (if no GC)
* Create Final Budget

Prior to Closing

Final Loan and Closing Prep:

* Obtain and Review HUD-1
* Obtain and Review GFE (if financing)
* Ensure Loan is Ready for Closing (if financing)
* Get Certified Funds for Closing
* Determine How to Hold Title
* Get Partnership Agreement Documents Signed (if partnering)

Upon Closing

Day of Closing:

* Get Keys
* Change Property Tax Records to Home Address
* Get GC and Sub Contracts/Docs Signed
* Arrange GC and Sub Start Dates

-----------------

Also, keep in mind that if you're purchasing larger properties (4+ units), you'll likely want to get all the pro-forma data (and actuals) from the seller to do your analysis.

Post: Financing for developing a RE Investment Company

J Scott
ModeratorPosted
  • Investor
  • Sarasota, FL
  • Posts 17,995
  • Votes 17,199

A few things:

- First, you say:

"It is now possible, if not easy, to buy property with "no money down" that will more than pay for it's self. This is doing it the right way, not over leveraging yourself into a hole if something bad happens."

If you are purchasing with "no money down," then by-definition you are 100% leveraged on the property. No that this is necessarily bad, but you can't have both "no money down" and unleveraged at the same time.

- You very likely won't be able to get business credit for your company if you don't have at least 2 years of income tax returns for the company. Additionally, unless you have a good bit of REI experience (you don't), lenders aren't going to just hand you a line of credit to "give it a try."

- You're unlikely to get a commercial loan until you've proven that you know how to do whatever it is your going to need the loan for. Again, without experience, you're in a bit of a bind.

- Now, even if you could get a commercial loan or a business LOC, without the company having a credit history, you'll have to personally secure that credit line. With a high DTI, you're unlikely to qualify for any reasonable amount of credit.

- If your goal is to replace your income, that means you're likely to be leaving your job to do this. Which likely means your income will be going away. In today's credit market, there's little chance you'll qualify for a conventional loan without verifiable income, so even getting traditional mortgages against 4 properties is going to be tough without a co-signer.

- Without any money to put down, you're unlikely to get traditional financing, hard money or rehab money in today's credit climate. Each of these lenders are going to want to see some "skin in the game" or at very least, some experience.

- Get your credit in order. Get your DTI down. Without decent credit (620+), even most rehab and hard-money lenders won't touch you. If you can find a *killer* deal, you can probably attract cash, but given that you're inexperienced, it will be harder without decent credit.

- Buying apartments means you'll need fewer loans, but unless you are really prepared, you probably don't want to make that leap without cash or experience. Plus, these days, you're VERY unlikely to get commercial financing without at least 20-40% down payment.

So, what options does that leave you with:

- First, you'll likely need to find some cash (either your own or a partner's). Without it, your only real option is creative financing with sellers, which can be pretty tough these days when most sellers are upside-down on their mortgages (and hence why they're trying to sell).

- Find credit partners (people with credit) who will put the property loans in their name, and give them a % of the profits (or a fixed amount) for their "partnership."

- Find private money (hard money) or a rehab lender who can cover both your acquisition costs *and* your rehab costs. These loans will generally be short-term (6-18 months), but will give you the short-term cash you need to get the property either sold or cash-flowing. If the goal is to hold them as rentals, you'll need a way to refinance into a fixed loan in 6-18 months. See the part about credit partners above.

My biggest recommendation is to not quit your day-job until you have a plan for all aspects of the business, including (and especially) the financing...

Post: setting up our RE investing company & looking for feedback

J Scott
ModeratorPosted
  • Investor
  • Sarasota, FL
  • Posts 17,995
  • Votes 17,199

How will investors get there money out? If you're constantly rolling funds into subsequent investments -- or more importantly, holding rentals -- where does the liquidity come from?

If there is a set time-period for which an investor will allocate funds, how will you ensure that the proceeds are liquid when it's time to pay off the investment?

Agreed with Adam that 75% ROI doesn't mean much to me. Is that nominal ROI? Annualized ROI? Based off the original investment? Based off the final investment (if refinanced)? Does it take into account the fact that monies will be invested at different times (some at closing, some during rehab, some during holding, etc)? ROI for flips can be interpreted many ways; you should include more detail.

How does the company manage cash reserves? If you have $150K in the "fund", will a portion of it be allocated as reserves and not be invested? Will the total return include that uninvested capital?

Will you pay dividends on a regular basis? What will determine the dividend amounts? How will you ensure liquidity to cover dividend payments?

Are you registering with the SEC? If you plan to sell securities (that's what this is) via your website, there are rules you must follow. For example, you should ensure that your investors are accredited; do you have an auditor who will evaluate the investment status of prospective investors?

Will investors need to provide anything other than the upfront cash? Such as credit or escrowed funds in the case of a cash short-fall?

How will you handle a cash short-fall? What happens if you owe a mortgage payment and don't have the funds liquid to pay it? Will you ask the investors for additional cash? Will you pay for it yourself? What happens if you can't raise that cash? Will you allow investors right of first refusal to buy the investments at some percentage of face-value?

There are hundreds of details like these that you need to think about, and then you need to solidify them in a prospectus, and ultimately a contract (if your investors are smart).

$75K really isn't that much money to invest into something like this, but I'd certainly want a lot more information before I invested.

Post: Tax rebate

J Scott
ModeratorPosted
  • Investor
  • Sarasota, FL
  • Posts 17,995
  • Votes 17,199

The mortgage interest is deductible on your current year's taxes.

Post: How to locate a good REO RE Agent

J Scott
ModeratorPosted
  • Investor
  • Sarasota, FL
  • Posts 17,995
  • Votes 17,199

If you can get access to the MLS for a couple hours, I would recommend doing a search for all the REOs that have closed in the past 6 months in your area.

Then take that list, and filter by "selling agent." Any of the agents that you see showing up repeatedly are likely the agents that are representing investors buying REOs.

They are the ones you want to contact.

Post: Escrow Companies on REOs

J Scott
ModeratorPosted
  • Investor
  • Sarasota, FL
  • Posts 17,995
  • Votes 17,199

Agreed with Jon and Steph...

If the title company tries to pull that, ask firmly that they discount those fees.

A last resort is that you can generally get the bank to agree to use your title company, but then the bank generally won't pay the title search and insurance fees (which is pretty standard when purchasing an REO).

Post: Question about REOs

J Scott
ModeratorPosted
  • Investor
  • Sarasota, FL
  • Posts 17,995
  • Votes 17,199
Originally posted by Jim S:

Where the bank becomes more generous is when the property sits on the market for 90+ days. After 90-120 days they usually send it to an auction company. If it comes back unsold- that's your time to score a good deal.


Definitely true that banks will get more "generous" after about 60-90 days on the market, but I've never seen a bank give preferential financing just to get rid of a property.

Generally, the lender department is completely separate from the REO department, and the lending unit isn't going to take risks just to support their REO unit (at least not these days :)