very interesting questions :)
I am in the process of figuring it out for myself,
as I understand 2% limit is about maintenance + repairs + improvements
In my experience, my expenses are usually higher in these 3 categories, because some units need full rehab after long-term clients. And here I use DMSH for appliances, somebody offered that we could apply DMSH to floating allure floor and carpet (but I am not sure :)
If I am lucky and had mostly improvements under 2% - SHST will help a lot, but my big improvements - windows, roof, new kitchen - usually higher than 2%
as I understand we could use SHST and DMSH at the same time and they do not limit each other, but Maintenance Safe Harbor is included in the limit of SHST. But I would think that regular maintenance is a current year expense anyway. If repairs are higher than 2% they are still current year operational expenses and we deduct them.
I was trying to perfect my understanding of these comments:
https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-se...
I will be very happy to hear how other people leverage these new advantages