Heating system options for multi-family

Heating system options for multi-family

Investor · Portland, ME · Member since 2019 · 2 posts · 3 votes

Need to replace an old oil boiler in my 4-unit multi/primary residence. Currently has an ancient oil boiler which is at least 50 years old, held together by duct tape and unmentionables. Barely got us through last winter... so it's time. We have a few options and I'm looking for feedback.

Also, for context, right now we include heat in our tenants rents, but they pay their own electric / hot water.

Options:

1. Replace with a more efficient modern oil boiler. Quotes we've received indicate we'd also have to replace the oil tank which is a bummer. This is probably the most straightforward option. We also have four aging water heaters all past their dates, which we've been encouraged to replace with a single indirect water heater (so we'd start paying tenant hw bills but could up the rents next cycle to accommodate).

2. Natural gas runs to our street and Unitil will run the line to the house free of charge. They could install a single natural gas meter, but they have to drill through our retaining wall to do it, which is a bit of a concern but apparently nothing they haven't dealt with before. Cost for the boiler and labor is roughly the same as the oil setup. Same situation with water heater.

3. Have Unitil install 4 meters and install 4 new combi wall-hung viessmann (or similar) high efficiency units. Turns out our heating zones are already separated so this isn't as expensive as it could be but the total bill still comes out at about 2x the cost of just doing the single system.

From your own experiences, is it worth it to spend the extra on the 4 separate systems? (and then later adjust leases so tenants pay their own utilities) It's a significant extra cost, though I do like the idea of the combi units in principle. Good/bad experiences?

Is there any reason at all to stick with oil given these scenarios? The only one I can se2e is our general anxiety about Unitil boring through our retaining wall heh.

Also, any opinions on the indirect water heater systems I mentioned should we stick with a single system?

This is all new to us so we're doing a lot of research but we'd really value any feedback from our more experienced neighbors. Thank you!

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Dan WeberBusiness Member
Realtor · Portland, ME · Member since 2015 · 656 posts · 552 votes
6y

I am in the process of getting quotes to replace my heating system. I have an old furnace as well powered by oil. I am going to be replacing with electric heat pumps in each unit. Regardless of what decision you make, check out www.efficiencymaine.com and see what kind of rebates are available for natural gas.

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  • Investor · Silver Spring, MD · Member since 2020 · 127 posts · 58 votes
    6y

    Yes, definitely spend a little bit of money to get the 4 meters installed. This way, you can really easily charge the tenants for what they use. Natural Gas is also the newer technology compared to a boiler and hence will age better when you go to sell the property whenever that will be.

  • Portland, ME · Member since 2019 · 5 posts · 4 votes
    6y

    I would lean towards the four meters as it gives you flexibility for the future, but most tenants in Maine expect their rent to cover heat. I would do some market research first and see what the comps are doing. Some tenants probably don't mind, but some will. My lease in Portland just ended and my rent covered all utilities except electric and internet, which seems pretty standard for a quality one-bedroom in downtown Portland.  

  • Investor · Saco, ME · Member since 2018 · 34 posts · 9 votes
    6y

    I would lean towards doing 4 separate metered systems. You won’t have to worry about having a tenant that likes it 80 degrees in the winter because they’re paying for it. Yes, your rents may slightly be lower but in my opinion it’s worth the trade off. I would also think this would add more value to the property than a traditional system. Good luck!

  • Stoneham, MA · Member since 2018 · 16 posts · 4 votes
    6y

    Going natural gas is a no brainer. Do it. The question is 1 system vs 4. You can get away with 1, but you'll likely save in the long term with 4 separate units and pushing the costs to the tenants. I would only consider 1 system if you don't have the cash for the increased cost and you have higher end tenants that aren't going to abuse it. For the individual systems, these are on-demand, right? Hope you're not installing hot water tanks for everyone. 

    I would also consider if you have any common space heating registers - hopefully all common space heating will be tied into one of the 4 units. You may consider having that 1 system paid by you, so in any case of no tenancy or payment issues by the tenant, your building doesn't have freezing common areas. Alternatively, you're probably expected to disclose/rebate the tenant for paying for common area heating.

    Another side benefit is in the case of a break down, especially during the winter, your entire building isn't going without heat.

  • Dan WeberBusiness Member
    Realtor · Portland, ME · Member since 2015 · 656 posts · 552 votes
    6y

    I am in the process of getting quotes to replace my heating system. I have an old furnace as well powered by oil. I am going to be replacing with electric heat pumps in each unit. Regardless of what decision you make, check out www.efficiencymaine.com and see what kind of rebates are available for natural gas.

  • Investor · Portland, ME · Member since 2019 · 2 posts · 3 votes
    6y

    Thanks for all the replies! 4 is definitely ideal and provides maximum flexibility going forward; no doubt. And yes, they'd be on demand systems. Any reason not to do that?  I guess one difference is that they'd need to vent out the side of the building instead of through the chimney. Oh, and we actually don't have any common space registers in our building.

    From the quotes I'm getting that separate systems configuration is going to cost us almost $30k all in, which is over twice the price of replacing the boiler and 4 individual hot water tanks with a single system. That's a big price gap! There are some decent rebates that it looks like we'd qualify for through efficiency Maine (thanks for pointing that out!) but even with those it's still roughly 2x.

    I can't see any reason to stick with oil, based on your feedback and feedback from some of the plumbers I've spoken with. Just a little antsy about the installation work required for gas but it sounds like the right decision. Now it just comes down to 1 system vs 4... 

  • Rental Property Investor · Auburn, ME · Member since 2015 · 236 posts · 140 votes
    6y

    @Nick Plante I have to agree with everyone above, I have both oil and gas furnances. When the oil furnaces need replacing it will be with either new high efficiency gas or mini-splits. 

    I have one building we are in the process of installing mini-splits and time will tell if we like that system over the gas and oil systems. The plus is the tenants will be paying the electric. 

    The lower rent you charge will be offset by the money you save on heating if you have the tenants pay, you could work the numbers so you are actually making more money if you are inclined to do stuff like that lol! 

    The other thing I like about Unitil is the ease of payment and having it bill out around the same day each month, good for planning a budget. 

    Carl

  • Property Manager · Augusta, ME · Member since 2020 · 3 posts · 2 votes
    6y

    @Dan Weber

    @Carl Hebert

    I have been considering heat pumps (mini splits) for a 4-unit building.  Has anyone discussed with either of you if these will keep with demand when the weather is below zero?  I guess that is my major concern.

    --Dave

  • Investor · Biddeford, ME · Member since 2017 · 282 posts · 180 votes
    6y
    Originally posted by @David Pare:

    @Dan Weber

    @Carl Hebert

    I have been considering heat pumps (mini splits) for a 4-unit building.  Has anyone discussed with either of you if these will keep with demand when the weather is below zero?  I guess that is my major concern.

    --Dave

    I'm putting heat pumps in every time I buy a property or turn a unit over.  The systems I'm putting in the duplex I'm working on will function to -33 degrees.  PM me if you want to chat about them! 

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