The 10 mortgage limit: is it 10 LOANS or 10 PROPERTIES?

The 10 mortgage limit: is it 10 LOANS or 10 PROPERTIES?

Investor · Pope Valley, CA · Member since 2014 · 108 posts · 15 votes

I can't seem to find a definitive answer to this.

Some people say that the limit is 10 properties (not loans), so even if all 10 properties were under 1 loan, you would be at the limit. Is this the case?

Also, does it make a difference if the properties are under an LLC?

My lender thinks that if I roll my first 10 properties (current separate loans) into a single blanket loan, under an LLC, that I can effectively start over at 0 properties. Is this true or false?

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Rental Property Investor · Rockford, IL · Member since 2014 · 4k+ posts · 2k+ votes
10y

@Jeff L.,

That sounds like a wise move: get your properties into a business entity structure and out of your personal name. The greater your net worth the more likely someone will try to take it from you through a frivolous lawsuit.

Once your business entity structure is established by that, use it to acquire properties in a business rather than buying them yourself.

To avoid being the target of a lawsuit the rule is: control everything, own nothing.

@Therese V.,

The "work-around" is to move your properties into a business entity structure and out of your personal name(s). Even if you hit some limit and the business can't buy anymore, start a new business and "fill that up", ... lather, rinse, repeat.

Financing is not primarily controlled by ownership. It goes by the debtor, not the owner (they're not always the same!).

That said, bounce the rest of your question off an attorney. If both your names are on the paperwork, you're likely to be considered a single entity and, therefore, subject to the lower limit.

David J Dachtera

"Success is not a destination. Failure is not an event. Success is a process, failure is a choice."
- DJ Benedict

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  • REI Pro · Boise, ID · Member since 2014 · 380 posts · 93 votes
    10y

    @Jeff L. it's 10 loans. Your lending is correct by wrapping all of current properties into a blanket loan in theory you can start all over again

  • Jacksonville, FL · Member since 2015 · 280 posts · 53 votes
    10y
    Originally posted by @Jeff L.:

    I can't seem to find a definitive answer to this.

    Some people say that the limit is 10 properties (not loans), so even if all 10 properties were under 1 loan, you would be at the limit. Is this the case?

    Also, does it make a difference if the properties are under an LLC?

    My lender thinks that if I roll my first 10 properties (current separate loans) into a single blanket loan, under an LLC, that I can effectively start over at 0 properties. Is this true or false?

     Great question Jeff, thank you for posting it. Happy New Year and here's to wishing you plenty of success in 2016!

  • Real Estate Professional · West Palm Beach, FL · Member since 2012 · 23k+ posts · 13k+ votes
    10y

    @Lisa Kohl No, that is wrong. The reg is "10 Properties that have a loan/mortgage". You could have 10 properties with 2 mortgages on each property, or one blanket loan for the 10 properties, both count as exactly the same....10 mortgaged properties. Not sure about the properties being in an LLC, with No personal guarantee.

  • REI Pro · Boise, ID · Member since 2014 · 380 posts · 93 votes
    10y

    @Wayne Brooks I stand corrected. Appreciate the feedback.

  • Investor · Midwest · Member since 2013 · 253 posts · 34 votes
    10y
    Originally posted by @Wayne Brooks:

    @Lisa Kohl No, that is wrong. The reg is "10 Properties that have a loan/mortgage". You could have 10 properties with 2 mortgages on each property, or one blanket loan for the 10 properties, both count as exactly the same....10 mortgaged properties. Not sure about the properties being in an LLC, with No personal guarantee.

     How do we "get around" that? 

    If 10 mortgages our in DH name but deeds are in both of our names, does that count against the limit for me for 10 mortgages? Can we effectively have 20 between the 2 of us?

  • Rental Property Investor · Rockford, IL · Member since 2014 · 4k+ posts · 2k+ votes
    10y

    @Jeff L.,

    That sounds like a wise move: get your properties into a business entity structure and out of your personal name. The greater your net worth the more likely someone will try to take it from you through a frivolous lawsuit.

    Once your business entity structure is established by that, use it to acquire properties in a business rather than buying them yourself.

    To avoid being the target of a lawsuit the rule is: control everything, own nothing.

    @Therese V.,

    The "work-around" is to move your properties into a business entity structure and out of your personal name(s). Even if you hit some limit and the business can't buy anymore, start a new business and "fill that up", ... lather, rinse, repeat.

    Financing is not primarily controlled by ownership. It goes by the debtor, not the owner (they're not always the same!).

    That said, bounce the rest of your question off an attorney. If both your names are on the paperwork, you're likely to be considered a single entity and, therefore, subject to the lower limit.

    David J Dachtera

    "Success is not a destination. Failure is not an event. Success is a process, failure is a choice."
    - DJ Benedict

  • Investor · Midwest · Member since 2013 · 253 posts · 34 votes
    10y
    Originally posted by @David Dachtera:

    @Jeff L.,

    That sounds like a wise move: get your properties into a business entity structure and out of your personal name. The greater your net worth the more likely someone will try to take it from you through a frivolous lawsuit.

    Once your business entity structure is established by that, use it to acquire properties in a business rather than buying them yourself.

    To avoid being the target of a lawsuit the rule is: control everything, own nothing.

    @Therese V.,

    The "work-around" is to move your properties into a business entity structure and out of your personal name(s). Even if you hit some limit and the business can't buy anymore, start a new business and "fill that up", ... lather, rinse, repeat.

    Financing is not primarily controlled by ownership. It goes by the debtor, not the owner (they're not always the same!).

    That said, bounce the rest of your question off an attorney. If both your names are on the paperwork, you're likely to be considered a single entity and, therefore, subject to the lower limit.

    David J Dachtera

    "Success is not a destination. Failure is not an event. Success is a process, failure is a choice."
    - DJ Benedict

     Thank you for the information.

    We are actually looking at an LLC right now. We have 3 properties and our attorney did suggest setting up the LLC, but we need to get an attorney in a different state for that (the properties are located in a different state than we reside).

  • Investor · Pope Valley, CA · Member since 2014 · 108 posts · 15 votes
    10y
    Originally posted by @David Dachtera:

    @Jeff L.,

    That sounds like a wise move: get your properties into a business entity structure and out of your personal name. The greater your net worth the more likely someone will try to take it from you through a frivolous lawsuit.

    Once your business entity structure is established by that, use it to acquire properties in a business rather than buying them yourself.

    To avoid being the target of a lawsuit the rule is: control everything, own nothing.

    @Therese V.,

    The "work-around" is to move your properties into a business entity structure and out of your personal name(s). Even if you hit some limit and the business can't buy anymore, start a new business and "fill that up", ... lather, rinse, repeat.

    Financing is not primarily controlled by ownership. It goes by the debtor, not the owner (they're not always the same!).

    That said, bounce the rest of your question off an attorney. If both your names are on the paperwork, you're likely to be considered a single entity and, therefore, subject to the lower limit.

    David J Dachtera

    "Success is not a destination. Failure is not an event. Success is a process, failure is a choice."
    - DJ Benedict

     Hi David, thanks for the reply. Do you know for a fact that if a property is under the name of a business entity, that it doesn't count towards your conventional mortgage limit? Or is that your guess?

  • Rental Property Investor · Rockford, IL · Member since 2014 · 4k+ posts · 2k+ votes
    10y

    Ask your attorney and/or banker to verify: Property owned by a business you control is owned by that business, not you. It counts against the business, not you.

    Hit the business's limit? Start another ... and another, and another, and ...

    Want a real-life example? A person in my investing group has 7 companies and controls 117 properties, each one with some kind of financing: individually or as part of a commercial loan package.

    David J Dachtera

    "Success is not a destination. Failure is not an event. Success is a process, failure is a choice."
    - DJ Benedict

  • Chris MasonPro Member
    Moderator
    Lender · CA · Member since 2015 · 9k+ posts · 10k+ votes
    10y
    Originally posted by @Wayne Brooks:

    @Lisa Kohl No, that is wrong.  The reg is "10 Properties that have a loan/mortgage".  You could have 10 properties with 2 mortgages on each property, or one blanket loan for the 10 properties, both count as exactly the same....10 mortgaged properties.

     Bingo, our winner. The Fannie cap is 10 financed residential properties total, regardless of the number of loans, and including private notes that will show up in county records (even if they aren't on your credit report).

    The way you game this if there are two spouses earning income is to split them up among themselves so that each individual spouse has <10 financed properties as "...a married woman, as her sole and separate property" and with only one spouse on each loan.

    Another way you game it is by having fewer properties with multiple notes. If you're at 10, find a private investor (or portfolio lender) that will give you a 2nd on one of them large enough to pay off any/all liens on another, and now you're down to 9.

    Way #3 to game it is to mix in some financed commercial real estate and/or 5+ unit properties. Does not count towards your total.

    The discontinuities where things get harder are: 4 financed properties, 6 financed properties, and then 10.

  • Business Owner/Investor · Millersville, MD · Member since 2015 · 191 posts · 71 votes
    10y

    Its 10 loans.

    Hit the 4 cap, consolidate, hit the 4 cap again. Considate a 2nd time, incorporate, transfer the profits to the business. Profit for 2 years, build a portfolio, establish yourself as a business entity specializing in real estate, grow from there as a business using business loans to grow your business.

  • Investor · McKinney, TX · Member since 2014 · 189 posts · 93 votes
    10y
    Originally posted by @Wayne Brooks:

    @Lisa Kohl No, that is wrong. The reg is "10 Properties that have a loan/mortgage". You could have 10 properties with 2 mortgages on each property, or one blanket loan for the 10 properties, both count as exactly the same....10 mortgaged properties. Not sure about the properties being in an LLC, with No personal guarantee.

     Just to clarify, a 2-4 unit property would still count as a single property?

  • Chris MasonPro Member
    Moderator
    Lender · CA · Member since 2015 · 9k+ posts · 10k+ votes
    10y

    > Just to clarify, a 2-4 unit property would still count as a single property?

    Yup.

    And another reminder that 5+ unit properties are not included in the count.

  • Investor · McKinney, TX · Member since 2014 · 189 posts · 93 votes
    10y
    Originally posted by @Chris Mason:

    > Just to clarify, a 2-4 unit property would still count as a single property?

    Yup.

    And another reminder that 5+ unit properties are not included in the count.

     Is the qualifying on a 5+ different? I thought I read that at 5+, it's a matter of having the down payment and reserves, and the income from the property in question is how the bank decides whether to finance. Of course, that assumes good credit, etc. I am asking because my wife and I decided to go all out on multi-units over the next few years. I want to make sure I'm making the best moves possible.

  • Chris MasonPro Member
    Moderator
    Lender · CA · Member since 2015 · 9k+ posts · 10k+ votes
    10y

    5+ is commercial, not an area I know a lot about.

    I know that it's sufficiently uglier that you don't see a lot of 5-10 unit properties because once you're in commercial world you may as well go all out and get 11+ unit properties. At least that seems to be what plays out, but again I'm not an expert on commercial.

  • Upen PatelPro Member
    Lender · Nationwide Lender · Member since 2015 · 1k+ posts · 814 votes
    10y
  • Lender · Denver, CO · Member since 2015 · 275 posts · 35 votes
    10y
    They go by loans in the conforming Fannie/Freddie market. Yes a Blanket is a great option for expanding your holdings.
  • Chris MasonPro Member
    Moderator
    Lender · CA · Member since 2015 · 9k+ posts · 10k+ votes
    10y

    Mah fellow lenders, lend me your eyes.

    @Jonathan J. Miller @Upen Patel

    https://www.fanniemae.com/content/guide/selling/b2...

    > If the mortgage is secured by a second home or an investment property, the borrower may own or be obligated on up to ten financed properties.

    > These limitations apply to the total number of properties financed, not to the number of mortgages on the property.

  • Upen PatelPro Member
    Lender · Nationwide Lender · Member since 2015 · 1k+ posts · 814 votes
    10y
    Originally posted by @Chris Mason:

    Mah fellow lenders, lend me your eyes.

    @Jonathan J. Miller @Upen Patel

    https://www.fanniemae.com/content/guide/selling/b2...

    > If the mortgage is secured by a second home or an investment property, the borrower may own or be obligated on up to ten financed properties.

    > These limitations apply to the total number of properties financed, not to the number of mortgages on the property.

    Hey! Chris,

    I think we are saying the same thing.

    * An individual can have up to 10 mortgages, if the mortgage is for 2nd home or investment. I.e. This limitation does not apply for primary residence. You can have 20 loans, but if the new loan is for a primary residence then it does not matter.

    * Since there can be only 1 Fannie/Freddie/FHA/VA/USDA loan per property, "limitations apply to the total number of properties financed" is stating the same thing.

  • Investor · Pope Valley, CA · Member since 2014 · 108 posts · 15 votes
    10y
    Originally posted by @Upen Patel:
    Originally posted by @Chris Mason:

    Mah fellow lenders, lend me your eyes.

    @Jonathan J. Miller @Upen Patel

    https://www.fanniemae.com/content/guide/selling/b2...

    > If the mortgage is secured by a second home or an investment property, the borrower may own or be obligated on up to ten financed properties.

    > These limitations apply to the total number of properties financed, not to the number of mortgages on the property.

    Hey! Chris,

    I think we are saying the same thing.

    * An individual can have up to 10 mortgages, if the mortgage is for 2nd home or investment. I.e. This limitation does not apply for primary residence. You can have 20 loans, but if the new loan is for a primary residence then it does not matter.

    * Since there can be only 1 Fannie/Freddie/FHA/VA/USDA loan per property, "limitations apply to the total number of properties financed" is stating the same thing.

    The link (thanks Chris!) seems to state that a blanket loan wouldn't work, because Fannie Mae counts the total number of properties you have financed, not the number of loans themselves (and it doesn't matter if the loans are sold to Fannie Mae or not):

    1. These limitations apply to the total number of properties financed, not to the number of mortgages on the property or the number of mortgages sold to Fannie Mae.

     Do you guys interpret this the same way?

  • Chris MasonPro Member
    Moderator
    Lender · CA · Member since 2015 · 9k+ posts · 10k+ votes
    10y
    Originally posted by @Jeff L.:

     Do you interpret this the same way?

     I've never seen or heard of a blanket loan as a way to game things to stay in Fannie world. Yes I would interpret as you have. 

    If you had a property with sufficient equity to absorb the debt on 2 other properties, that could work.

    Prop 1: loan $300k value $800k

    Prop 2: loan $100k value $150k

    Prop 3: loan $50k value $95k

    $300 + $100 + $50 = $450 on an $800k property. Certainly doable, and now you just reduced from 3 financed properties to 1. For investors, the property with a crap ton of equity seems to often be the primary residence. So there's a risk factor here, because you can't walk away from your primary residence, let it foreclose, and still have a roof over your head... but you can with investment props. 

  • Investor · Gaithersburg, MD · Member since 2013 · 659 posts · 441 votes
    10y

    The limit you are asking about is for personal mortgage loans in your name (traditional mortgages). Properties in a business entity (like an LLC) will not count against your personal limit. That's because they aren't "mortgages" in the typical sense. They are usually "in-house loans" or "business loans" collateralized by the property.

    The drawback is the terms are usually worse than traditional mortgages in your name.  They are usually amortized over ~20 years with a 5-7 year balloon and 1-2% higher interest rate than "mortgages" in your name.

  • Investor · Pope Valley, CA · Member since 2014 · 108 posts · 15 votes
    10y
    Originally posted by @Justin B.:

    The limit you are asking about is for personal mortgage loans in your name (traditional mortgages).  Properties in a business entity (like an LLC) will not count against your personal limit.  That's because they aren't "mortgages" in the typical sense.  They are usually "in-house loans" or "business loans" collateralized by the property.

    The drawback is the terms are usually worse than traditional mortgages in your name.  They are usually amortized over ~20 years with a 5-7 year balloon and 1-2% higher interest rate than "mortgages" in your name.

     That contradicts what it says in the Fannie Mae guidelines linked earlier (I simplified the wording slightly):

    • Ownership of property that is held in the name of a LLC where the borrower has ownership in the LLC of 25% or more, regardless of the name on the mortgage. Counts towards your limit
    • Ownership of a property that is held in the name of an LLC where the borrower has ownership in the LLC of less than 25% and the financing is in the name of the borrower. Counts towards your limit
    • Ownership of a property that is held in the name of an LLC where the borrower has ownership in the LLC of less than 25% and the financing is in the name of the LLC. Does not count towards your limit

    So the only way properties in an LLC don't count towards your limit is if you own less than a 25% share of the LLC, and then only if the property(s) are in the LLC's name.

    However, it says that properties/loans held in the name of a corporation or S corporation don't count towards your limit, so that seems promising. Is either of those a decent substitute for an LLC? I don't know much about them and would love any thoughts on that.

  • Investor · Midwest · Member since 2013 · 253 posts · 34 votes
    10y
    Originally posted by @Logan Hicks:

    Its 10 loans.

    Hit the 4 cap, consolidate, hit the 4 cap again. Considate a 2nd time, incorporate, transfer the profits to the business. Profit for 2 years, build a portfolio, establish yourself as a business entity specializing in real estate, grow from there as a business using business loans to grow your business.

     You can get one mortgage to cover multiple properties and that would count as 1 towards the 10 limit?

  • Los Angeles, CA · Member since 2014 · 36 posts · 12 votes
    10y

    Alright, I've got some answers, because I'm doing this right now.

    We have an LLC with a blanket loan for 6 properties and another single property in a commercial loan (that's 7).

    We have a private residence and another investment property under a personal loan (even though investment property is held under LLC) (that's 7+2=9).

    We're purchasing another investment property right now.

    The lender counts this as financed property No. 10. The LLC does not change the count because we own it 100%. The blanket loan doesn't change it, because the rule is "financed properties" not number of loans. 

    The only way to get around this is to change to corporation with the financing in the corp's name. Even with LLC treated (taxed as) S-Corp not partnership, they won't let it pass. Maybe other lenders interpret it differently (that last bit) but I wouldn't bet on it.

    Problem is that most mortgage brokers and underwriters have no clue about this. They discover everything in final approval stage (we had final approval with 25% down, now underwriter says they made a mistake and it should be 30%). 

    Unfortunately, I discovered the hard way that LLCs are pretty much useless for property in CA. Might as well do an S-Corp off the bat. 

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