Best practices for predicting vacancy, repairs and Cap Ex rates of LTRs?

[Robert Johnson]

I'm finding rates ranging from 3-10% of monthly income for each of these across different sources. This obviously has a huge impact on analyzing the cash flow of a potential property. Reading the BP 2024 report the advice is to be conservative so up until now I've been analyzing everything with:

Vacancy - 10%

Repairs - 10%

Cap Ex - 5% (although this is highly dependent on the age of the home and the value of the home, so I'm tracking that with a bit more nuance)

Any advice? Am I being too conservative?