It's an estimated cash on cash return given current rental rates subtract expenses assuming 7% interest rate, 10% management fee, 5% repairs, 5% capex and other expenses like mortgage, insurance, tax. it's a estimate to tell you what properties to analyze vs ignoreyou can see the are pockets of negative returns as well as pockets of positive return. this is to supplement the data @Devin Conley provided

How about repairs ?  

Getting Fair deals on labor and repairs comes from developing win/win relationships with contractors.

Hello everyone,My name is Matt Rulnick, and I am a Residential Real Estate Agent in Charlotte, NC.I was just introduced to this forum via an Investor Client, and look forward to getting acclimated and interacting with ya'll.If there is anything I can do to assist prospective buyers and sellers in the Charlotte, NC area, don't hesitate to reach out.Matt RulnickMatt.SearchCharlotte.com

Hi everyone,
I’m a new investor learning the ropes of being a midterm landlord. I bought an outdated condo, planning to do a cosmetic rehab later when I had more budget.

I moved out of the condo in mid-2024 for a ...

I'm thinking of maybe just lumping them into a category under repairs or something but want to see if others have a It sounds like categorizing deductions under a ‘repairs’ category could work as a temporary fix, but it might not give you the full accuracy you’re looking for long-term.

And that’s with zero vacancy, zero repairs, zero capex.

What do people do when they run out of funds (liquidated credit cards and family members assistance)?  

I am happy to assist.

Next, plan on inspecting your properties every 90 days; you can communicate this to the tenant as you ensuring the property is in good order and to help you plan for repairs/future improvements.