How are these costs typically calculated?

I hope that makes sense in my extremely over exaggerated example ha ha   

Is a project manager typically a choice to do instead of a general contractor?

Carlos - the minimums are usually higher, however working with a financial adviser that does a decent amount of business with DST/REIT sponsor firms you can typically get the minimums down to DST levels (100k). 

Typical rates are 8-12% of income either monthly or yearly depending on manager.

Here's some playbook :- Typical DSCR 0.9-1.0 rent play: Antioch/Concord- Househacking free mortgage area : Hayward,San Leando,San Lorenzo- Fix and live in the flip: Hayward, Union City, San Jose, Santa Clara- Buy those house and wait for large appreciation: All Peninsula,San Jose,Santa Clara,Cupertino- Keep moving every 24 months play: San Jose LOL- buy those home with ADU play: Fairview, Hayward Hills, Oakland Hills, Berkeley.The creativity is endless in this market.

Your CAP rate will be dangerously inaccurate if you calculate expenses incorrectly so let's break those down.Utility Set-up- As an overview you need to know the difference  between city-provided utilities and onsite such as Septic Tanks with Leech fields, lagoons, Wells, EtcGetting more specific what utilities are maintained by the community, paid by the community vs the tenants.I will give you a quick example, I own a park with a bunch of multifamily manufactured units of which I pay the electricity bill.

“In 2020, a household earning $59,000 annually could comfortably afford the monthly mortgage on a typical U.S. home, spending no more than 30% of its income with a 10% down payment.

For example, most investors would know that IRR is Internal Rate of Return.

Is it usually up to date or is it typically a few weeks behind?