On top of that, since I've been investing in property for over 7 years, I incorporated a property management component into our company.

When I make a new acquisition, a new LLC is formed, with the only member being ACT Investment Propertues, LLC as written, when you create the Articles of Incorporation.

I'm also suspicious of people's cash flow numbers as many don't seem to incorporate cap ex expenses, monthly maintenance costs and opportunity costs or increased mortgage payments if using home equity loans/lines of credit.

The one corner of the structure actually located in the flood zone is a 7' high crawlspace, not used for anything, (although tenants store lawn chairs in there over the winter).

In an effort to tame the spike in corporate bids, homeowner associations are "rewriting rules" so that houses stay in the hands of those who will live in them.Homeowner Groups Seek to Stop Investors From Buying Houses to Rent

My question is how you folks incorporate property value increases into project metrics.

There is essentially a couch, a salon chair, and a bowl to wash hair.

I believe the site you got the "After Tax Equity x 4" term is Asset Preservation Incorporated (https://apiexchange.com/capital-gain-tax-calculator/). 

I ended up renting an umbrella and two chairs for the season to add value to my guests.  

It is also important to note, however, that UBTI applies to a solo 401k (i) if margin trading is incorporated in the case of a brokerage account and (ii) if a solo 401k purchases an equity investment in an LLC that offers goods or services, or an LLC that flips real estate.