Deduct NEW property taxes after you buyDeduct home insurance costsDeduct maintenance percentage, typically 10%Deduct vacancy+tenant nonperformance percentage(we recommend 5% for Class A, 10% Class B, 20% Class C, good luck with Class D)Deduct whatever dollar/percentage of cashflow you wantNow, what you have left over is the amount for debt service.Enter it into a mortgage calculator, with current interest rate for an investment property, to determine your maximum mortgage amount.Divide the mortgage amount by either 75% or 80%, depending on the required down payment percentage - this is your tentative price to offer.If the property needs repairs, you'll want to deduct 110%-120% of the estimated repairs from this amount.Be sure to also research the ARV and make sure it's 10-20% higher than your tentative purchase price.As long as the ARV checks out, this is the purchase price to offer.It is probably significantly below the asking price.

.: I'll have to look into this I typically contribute the max to a IRA then do a backdoor conversion to a Roth IRA.

For us we all typically use 0% business credit cards to furnish the property which can amount to $40-$60k+ depending on how crazy you go. 

The common feedback I hear typically revolves around your accounting preference. 

@David Putz I wonder if someone is maintaining a list of where all the servicers are licensed...I can't imagine that would be easy to keep track of, but I don't know how often they would change.Having a resource that has all the typical fee info and service states for each servicer in one document would be amazing.

Also, while you might have to put down 40%+ in some countries, it isn't typical and, again, it's not the case in some of the countries you mention. 

The challenge, as you’ve discovered, is that traditional HELOC lenders typically want the property titled in a personal name rather than an LLC.

Add this to smaller network and typically less knowledge for new RE investors.  

As a side note typically I do not use my deferred tax dollars to invest in traditional real estate as the benefits (depreciation etc) are all lost when using a self directed IRA - My guess is build to rent will provide little to no cash flow to build the account - it will all be locked in the property. 

In my experience, I typically call seller-financing "mailbox money".