If you buy right, you leave a substantial "cushion" or margin for unknowns.

You also have to distinguish between OPERATIONAL RESERVES and CAPITAL RESERVES and you need to have both.Operational reserves is the money you KNOW you will use for operations like taxes, insurance, mortgage payments, and any holding costs (marketing/leasing/utility costs/etc)specially if the property is vacant or you're in the process of renovating it.Capital reserves, is the money you might need for UNKNOWNS or things that can happen and things that need to be replaced.

You'll never know exactly what surprises are in store for you, but if you let that fear of the unknown stop you, you'll never get going.

., in essence as good as new.”In short, there is still a lot of unknown.

A lot of unknowns here but granting any award to the tenant seems absurd. 

If she declines to move, thank her for bringing the previously unknown problem to your attention, present her a gift card for doing so, but inform her that she must continue to pay for the electric as it is.  

We have a child with a genetic disorder, so going without insurance would be foolish for us.My quick summary of it would be: it's a large complex law with far reaching and unknown consequences.

And you want to hand out an unknown number of space heaters with or without extension cords to heat a entire apartment?

I think there's a lot of good in this community, but there's also a number of people with credentials or experience unknown/unvetted who offer some pretty Debbie-downer advice.

I know I want to invest and have an idea of what I am doing there are just a unknowns to me that I need to understand before I start.