Quote from @Bob Stevens: Quote from @Samuel Diouf: Cleveland is great if you only want cash flow and aren't as focused on other factors such as population growth/decline and economy trends. 

One of the downfalls of China is its population decline which can’t be stopped.

@Pauline Sabado B-ham has seen population decline, but people I know there advise looking outside the city proper.

During value add the value would decline if based on cap rate and NOI due to higher vacancy.  

At 6% appreciation, which I think is reasonable in this neighborhood, IRR moves to 25%.Option 4) Hold on to all properties by saving $3k/month of W2 income and refinancing in a few years if interest rates decline -- Pros: Maintains entire portfolio.

Here are some options and considerations:Loan Against Equity/ETFs:Margin Loans:Description: Margin loans allow you to borrow money using your investments (such as stocks or ETFs) as collateral.Pros:You retain ownership of your investments.Generally quick access to funds.Interest rates can be relatively low compared to other types of loans.Cons:Your investments are used as collateral, so if their value declines significantly, you may face a margin call (requiring additional funds or securities).Interest rates can vary and may be higher than traditional loans depending on the lender and your creditworthiness.Securities-Based Line of Credit (SBLOC):Description: Similar to margin loans, SBLOCs use your securities (stocks, ETFs) as collateral, but they typically provide more flexibility and may not trigger margin calls as easily.Pros:Allows for ongoing access to funds as long as your collateral remains sufficient.Interest rates may be competitive.Cons:Similar risks of potential margin calls if the value of your securities drops significantly.Terms and interest rates can vary widely among lenders.Comparison with 401(k) Loans:401(k) Loans:Description: Borrowing from your 401(k) allows you to access funds without selling investments, using your retirement savings as collateral.Pros:Typically low interest rates.No credit check required.Interest paid on the loan goes back into your 401(k) account.Cons:Usually capped at a percentage of your vested balance (commonly up to 50% or $50,000).If you leave your job, the loan may need to be repaid immediately or could be considered a taxable distribution.Potential opportunity cost of missing out on market gains if funds are withdrawn from investments.Other Alternatives:Home Equity Line of Credit (HELOC):Description: If you own a home with equity, a HELOC allows you to borrow against that equity at typically lower interest rates than unsecured loans.Pros:Lower interest rates compared to other types of loans.Interest may be tax-deductible if used for home improvements (consult a tax advisor).Cons:Your home serves as collateral, so failure to repay could result in foreclosure.Personal Loans:Description: Unsecured personal loans can be used for various purposes, including investing, but typically have higher interest rates than loans secured by collateral.Pros:No collateral required.Funds can be used for any purpose.Cons:Higher interest rates and stricter eligibility criteria based on creditworthiness.I am a loan officer and we do some of the loans stated above.

I've had to decline many loan requests because the income production doesn't cover the expenses and there's no way to make the math work.

A well designed software can do the work and accept/decline applications in the first the place.

We are experiencing a decline in rental prices both for annual and short-term rentals.

I come from a jurisdiction where you claim can be declined if you fail to show proof of tenant screening documentation especially for property damage by the tenant.