For example, California has an $800 minimum franchise tax, while other states have lower fees or no franchise tax at all.

Seller financed loans where there was no downpayment- See #2 above as typically seller financed have lower rates, longer terms and higher LTV.

I'd focus on deciding what you want to do (flip-high risk, but potentially high return...or large loss; short term rental-more work, but higher return than long term rental; long term rental-less work than the other two, but lower return).Once you've decided which you want to do, then focus on getting the best house to meet your goal. 

Hey @Brandon LaRose, do you have the ability to use a Margin Loan against a taxable portfolio, or a policy loan against a permanent life policy?

(I know, nothing is certain but just hypothetically) and all cash out loans are not created equal. if you have a lot of equity you can borrow up to 60% with the lowest rate possible, which would be close to a half point lower then borrowing up to 75% loan to value. 

Yes, Spain has a wealth tax but it's above €2 million taxable income and the rate is low so it's not going to kill you.3.

When you say "section 8" tenants, are you looking at low-income housing tax credit type properties, or standard rentals that are in lower income areas and therefore cater to HCV tenants?  

From my understanding, it might be more advantageous to refinance as a rental property at a lower LTV with income from two units, rather than as owner-occupied at a higher LTV with only one rental income considered.

Roth IRA contributions can be withdrawn tax-free, but earnings may be subject to income tax and penalties unless the account has been held for five years and you're 59½ or older.Instead, consider rolling over your IRA into a solo 401(k) if you're self-employed, allowing you to borrow up to $50,000 or 50% of the account balance, whichever is lower.

You could potentially negotiate this by structuring it in a way that aligns with the seller's need for a quick settlement, without lowering the cash they’d receive.