Rent is typically raised when the tenant moves out, so rent spikes drastically to catch up for the years of not raising it while occupied, plus renovation costs.

That being said - if rates spike, we're in a whole different world.

Inflation has historically spiked after war-time spending ends:While we're still a nation at war (US special operators were active in 138 countries last year!)

But, they aren't fixed so the interest could spike, and they can be called due at any time typically.Those are the two big negatives to HELOCS.Of course the negative to cash out refi is paying interest on money that you are potentially not using.

Another noted some very helpful info without being specific, allowing me to figure out that the bill spiked up almost 3x the avg amount in recent months.

Also a investor should avoid ARM (adjustable rate mortgages) as they could very easily lose their investment when the interest rate spikes up.  

So, the property in question might have spiked way too high in 2005, 2006, and 2007.

Household formation spiked sharply in COVID, and that had nothing to do with population growth, and perhaps a lot to do with free money, great jobs, work remote, and more.

Electric can also spike in the summer with A/C.

However, our rush to increase occupancy kept us apart evaluating our weaknesses and risks.When you lower the prices as much as the market did during the spike of the pandemic, you open the door to problematic guests.