Over the decades, today's interest rates are historically pretty typical.

Typical renovations include:Cosmetic Updates: Painting, flooring, kitchen and bathroom upgrades, and landscaping.Structural Repairs: Fixing any underlying issues such as foundation repairs, plumbing, or electrical updates.Efficiency Improvements: Adding energy-efficient windows, new HVAC systems, and better insulation to increase the property's overall value.The goal of the rehab phase is to increase the property’s market value while making it an attractive place for tenants.

Deduct NEW property taxes after you buyDeduct home insurance costsDeduct maintenance percentage, typically 10%Deduct vacancy+tenant nonperformance percentage(we recommend 5% for Class A, 10% Class B, 20% Class C, good luck with Class D)Deduct whatever dollar/percentage of cashflow you wantNow, what you have left over is the amount for debt service.Enter it into a mortgage calculator, with current interest rate for an investment property, to determine your maximum mortgage amount.Divide the mortgage amount by either 75% or 80%, depending on the required down payment percentage - this is your tentative price to offer.If the property needs repairs, you'll want to deduct 110%-120% of the estimated repairs from this amount.Be sure to also research the ARV and make sure it's 10-20% higher than your tentative purchase price.As long as the ARV checks out, this is the purchase price to offer.It is probably significantly below the asking price.

Quote from @Melanie Baldridge: Why I like investing in real estate more than 401(k)s.Both offer tax deferrals, but here's the difference:If you're making pre-tax contributions to your 401(k), then withdrawals = ordinary income tax.With real estate gains, you're paying capital gains tax (which is typically lower).Plus, RE investors get:1.

The typical 2-4 unit I represent buyers on we are able to increase rents 40-100% especially in gentrified areas.

Private Money or Hard Money LoanHow it works: Short-term loans from private or hard money lenders to purchase the lot and finance the construction.Benefits: Easier approval and faster processing, focusing on the property value rather than your income.Downside: Higher interest rates and shorter loan terms (typically 6-18 months).

No 1.75% funding fee so conventional loans typically have less closing costs.

What I see is typically in the $3k - $6k range for those types of properties.

This would typically include legal fees, the receiver's fees and costs, and the repair costs. 

However, the IRS may scrutinize exchanges if the holding period post-transfer is too short (typically 12-24 months recommended).If one partner wants to defer capital gains while the other prefers cash, the deferring partner could reinvest their share into a Qualified Opportunity Zone (QOZ) fund, which can defer and reduce taxable gains if held for at least 10 years.