How do you factor that unknown future expense into the ROI?  

Brand new investor - I wouldn't because of so many unknowns and lack of experience2.

Need to be sure you include the "unknown budget" and never take the optimistic approach as it is better to have money left at the end than writing more and more checks that were unplanned for.Again, if you can walk through an actual property and compare notes with someone that does it in your area (key factor), you will be way ahead of what a generic book can give you.

For the NOLA duplex I have not yet fired her, I’m worried about the unknown but her lack of communication is forcing me into that action.

Finally, we asked Maria to escalate this to an unknown Kiavi staff member.

As for the best choice, with 100% certainty that would be unknown.

On higher value we are willing to stretch if need be as there’s more room to cover unknown issues.

Fear of the unknown. 

For this reason, it would be prudent to not overleverage yourself in this type of environment in order to wait and see where rates do end up falling, as there is consensus in the market we are moving into a falling rate environment, the exact timing of when rates will be falling is unknown and different scenario analysis should be added to underwriting refinance periods to be sure the project is sustainable if inflation resurges and a refinance is delayed.

Unknown.