@Polat CaglayanI've never seen a formula but here is a general rule of thumb for multifamily:The class of an apartment refers to the quality of the building, which can be determined by a number of factors, including age, location, and condition: Class A: These are the highest quality apartments, typically built within the last 15 years.

How would this be accounted for for general accounting and taxes?  

Sri,Are you a General Contractor/Builder or are you simply looking for financing to build a 2-4 unit?

Some investments give better ROI in Phx, such as multifamily, and some generally perform better in getaway destinations (Sedona), for STR's, etc. 

I hope one or more can get the attention of their state attorney general and the SEC.

A general range tends to be 85% to 100% covered.

If paying off your mortgage early is a priority, recasting might not be the best option.Not Available for All Loans: As mentioned earlier, government-backed loans are generally ineligible for recasting, and not all lenders offer this option.Who Should Consider Mortgage Recasting?

Looking back, I think the rental market has been slow in general since last fall, with rents falling on a seasonal basis.

Generally if your property was under your personal name, most financial institutions would go up to 80% Combined Loan to Value (CLTV), but because of COVID 19.

The $100-$300/month amount is just a generalization - but the point is, on a monthly basis you don't see a huge income per property - and you also have to absorb repair expenses and such as well.