You are still overthinking it a little: no need to incorporate inflation, because it is just a devaluation of the currency, so it effects income and expenses alike.The fact that you are planning for capex items already puts you ahead of at least 50% of new investors, who just think about PM and repairs.One major realization is that you need equity growth to pay for capex.

The days of double digit annual appreciation and cash flowing single family homes wont be coming back ....

Right now, a reasonable estimate is a low double-digits interest rate (say 11%-14% for example) with a few origination points (say 2%-3% for example).

Again I 6 digit differences sometimes.

They had changed the digital thermostat setting to celsius instead of fahrenheit

Stamps are almost like currency.  

In today's digital age, it's essential to prioritize your personal brand alongside your business brand.

Suddenly, sites like Instagram, Facebook, LinkedIn, and YouTube became my trusted surfboards, allowing me to ride the digital waves and connect with a large network of other investors.

For example, I believe Nest and Ecobee digital thermostats allow you to put a low/high floor on the temperature so tenants can't put it below or above a certain temperature.Finally, your lease should include a clause that says tenants are responsible for repairs if they abuse or neglect the property.

If you want to break the USD, which dethrones USD as world reserve currency, which dethrones US as predominant world power.....