It is to prepare you for the inevitable and create a Defensive position.It is calculated using Rent.Example: $1,000/month rent - set aside $50/month for CAPEX, $50/Maintenance & Repairs, and $50 for Vacancy.

Ask about the maintenance history.Units: Visit as many individual units as possible to assess their condition and note any necessary repairs or updates.Structural Issues: Be vigilant about signs of water damage, mold, or pests, which could indicate larger problems.Safety Compliance: Verify that the property meets all local safety and building codes, including fire alarms, extinguishers, and emergency exits.Financial and Operational AspectsRent Roll: Request a detailed rent roll to understand current rents, lease terms, and tenant occupancy.Expenses: Get a breakdown of all operating expenses, including utilities, maintenance, insurance, property management fees, and taxes.Income Verification: Ask for historical income statements (preferably 12 months or more) to verify the revenue.Vacancy Rates: Inquire about the historical and current vacancy rates and how they compare to the market average.Tenant Profile: Understand the tenant mix, including residential versus commercial tenants, lease lengths, and tenant turnover rates.Property Management: Find out if the property is currently managed by a professional management company and if you will retain or replace them.Legal and ComplianceZoning Laws: Ensure the property complies with current zoning laws and inquire about any zoning changes that may affect the property.Rent Control: Determine if the property is subject to rent control or other regulations that could impact income.Permits and Licenses: Check that all necessary permits and licenses are up to date.Value-Add PotentialRenovation Opportunities: Identify areas where you could add value through renovations or upgrades.Rent Increases: Assess the potential for increasing rents based on market rates and property improvements.Additional Income: Explore opportunities for additional income streams, such as laundry facilities, parking fees, or storage rentals.Environmental ConsiderationsEnvironmental Hazards: Check for any environmental issues like asbestos, lead paint, or underground storage tanks.Flood Zones: Verify if the property is in a flood zone and the implications for insurance and risk.Questions to Ask the SellerReason for Selling: Understand the seller’s motivation to gauge the urgency and possible negotiation points.Recent Repairs and Improvements: Ask about any recent capital expenditures and future planned repairs.Tenant Relations: Inquire about the relationship with tenants and any ongoing disputes or issues.Due DiligenceProfessional Inspection: Hire a professional inspector to conduct a thorough examination of the property.Appraisal: Obtain an independent appraisal to verify the property’s market value.Legal Review: Have a real estate attorney review all contracts, leases, and legal documents related to the property.By covering these aspects, you’ll be in a stronger position to make an informed decision about your potential investment.

Property Condition: Consider any repairs or updates needed for either scenario.

Since purchase, in addition to the basic repairs, I've had 2 evictions, one of whom trashed the unit, for around $22,000 in additional repairs.

I'm looking to exit of the Midwest - I've gotten different feedback on appreciation in Indiana but so far I don't think it will outpace the property tax increases, 17% (on nice suburban home) and 16% (Class C) recently and repairs on Class C.

Have to make some repairs.

Other forgotten expenses are vacancy, repairs, and HOA special assessments. 

Another out-of-town real estate enthusiast, using local comparables, estimated an After Repair Value (ARV) of $40,000 with high confidence.

Can i require the tenant schedule a time with repair person for W/D.

@Micah Loewen there is a chance the property would appraise for the value that you want, but that it would be appraised as 'subject to repairs' as opposed to 'as-is'.