there are of course more creative strategies to reduce that up front outlay, or recoup your capital, like, say, the BRRRR method. but they are time and energy intensive and certainly not hands-off. 

For them that is most efficient because the turnover cost is LOW.

Is there an energy company (electrical and Gas) that will do roll overs?

Due to the extreme volatility of crypto and potentially high transaction costs, you need to be careful with harvesting crypto losses.Pick tax-efficient investments.

In my day job I’m an ops professional who manages a tech stack and efficiency is important.

Focusing on just a few markets gives you efficiency at scale with your team and process.

With the exception of 1 bedroom units, you basically have 2 options:-Oversized/commercial machines (potentially multiple sets)-Off site cleaning with clean spares on siteThe latter is almost always the most efficient and basically what hotels do at scale.

Instead of 40 houses cash flowing $200 each or $8000/month, you buy 10 houses and pay them off for a cash flow of $10,000/month with 1/4th the headache.People don't understand the amount of time, energy, and stress involved with managing a lot of doors, especially if they are lower-class properties typically needed to generate cash flow.

DLP Housing fund and DLP Building communities fund = They are suppose to be really tax efficient but I am considering using the solo 401k as an investment vehicle. 

Both can save time and improve efficiency, depending on how hands-on you want to be.