that we’ve learned in our 24 years, managing almost 700 doors across the Metro Detroit area, including almost 100 S8 leases:Class A Properties:Cashflow vs Appreciation: Typically, 3-5 years for positive cashflow, but you get highest relative rent & value appreciation.Vacancy Est: Historically 10%, 5% the more recent norm.Tenant Pool: Majority will have FICO scores of 680+ (roughly 5% probability of default), zero evictions in last 7 years.Class B Properties:Cashflow vs Appreciation: Typically, decent amount of relative rent & value appreciation.Vacancy Est: Historically 10%, 5% should be applied only if proper research done to support.Tenant Pool: Majority will have FICO scores of 620-680 (around 10% probability of default), some blemishes, but should have no evictions in last 5 yearsClass C Properties:Cashflow vs Appreciation: Typically, high cashflow and at the lower end of relative rent & value appreciation.

That's a typical scenario and could cost you $10,000 - $15,000 so that would be a good starting point for your reserve.But there's more!

Recent discussions in Bloomberg and the Yale Law Journal shed light on the challenges posed by traditional zoning regulations and offer insights into potential reforms that could benefit co-living arrangements.Zoning Laws and the Definition of FamilyTraditional zoning laws often define "family" in narrow terms, typically limiting residential occupancy to individuals related by blood, marriage, or adoption.

Typically starting with a smaller rehab budget of $50K or less (maybe a max of $75K) and avoiding a 1 to 1(or higher) ratio of purchase to rehab costs is recommend when you are first starting out. 

@Joshua Martin,If there’s a chance you’ll sell next year, a HELOC might be the better move since it typically has lower upfront costs compared to a cash-out refi.

Here's some basic copy & paste info that may help you make better investing decisions:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Recommend you first figure out the property Class you want to invest in, THEN figure out the corresponding location to invest in.Property Class will typically dictate the Class of tenant you get, which greatly IMPACTS rental income stability and property maintenance/damage by tenants.If you apply Class A assumptions to a Class B or C purchase, your expectations won’t be met and it may be a financial disaster.If you buy/renovate a property in Class D area to Class A standards, what quality of tenant will you get?

Hospitals with trauma care levels one and two and neonatal intensive care typically have the most traveling nurses.

Year long lease typically, with subletting allowed to offset summer months cost to tenant.I worked out some high-level math: Assuming there is a 6 bedroom single family house for sale for 800k, and I can rent for 6k/month.Financing: 350k cash, 450k loan @30yr, 3.8%.Assumptions: 7% vacancy/yr, $4000/yr repairs, $10k/yr property tax, $4k/yr insurance, 8% management fee+50% first month rent on new leaseMonth-to-month breakdown: Income: $6000 Vacancy, Mgmt fee, repair, taxes, insurance: $2300Loan PI: $2650I'd take home ~$1000/month. 

This will typically be a DSCR loan up to 75% of the new value.

I see many situations where one generation wants to buy out a prior generation or, more typically, siblings.